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7th Grade Life Science > Characteristics of Life > Flashcards

Characteristics of Life Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cell

A

smallest unit of life

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2
Q

Organism

A

any living thing that has all the characteristics of life

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3
Q

Homeostasis

A

process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment

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4
Q

Photosynthesis

A

plants use the sun’s energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars(glucose)

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5
Q

Cellular Respiration

A

process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen.

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6
Q

Passive transport

A

the movement of molecules across cell membranes without using any energy.

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7
Q

Active Transport

A

the movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy.

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8
Q

Diffusion

A

the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

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9
Q

Osmosis

A

diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.

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10
Q

Endocytosis

A

the process during which a cell takes in a substance by surrounding it with the cell membrane.

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11
Q

Exocytosis

A

process during which a cell’s vesicles release their contents outside the cell.

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12
Q

What are the three parts of the cell theory?

A
  1. All living things are composed of cells.
  2. Cells are the basic unit of life.
  3. New cells come from preexisting cells.
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13
Q

What are the characteristics of Prokaryotes?

A

Mostly tiny, single-celled organisms. (Bacteria)
No nucleus genetic material in cytoplasm

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14
Q

What are the characteristics in Eukaryotes?

A

Single-celled/multicellular organisms. (Animal or Plant)
Nucleus, genetic material in the nucleus.

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15
Q

List the 4 macromolecules. Give their monomer and function.

A
  1. Carbohydrate- Monomer: Monosacharides
    Function: Energy Storage, Structural Support, communication
  2. Lipid- Monomer: Glycerol + Fatty Acids
    Function: Energy Storage, Protective membrane, communication
  3. Protein- Monomer: Amino Acids
    Function: Communication, Transport, Chemical Breakdown of substances, Structural Support
  4. Nucleic Acid- Monomer: nucleotides
    Function: contains genetic information.
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16
Q

List and Explain the characteristics of life.

A
  1. Cellular Organization- Made up of cells, unicellular and multicellular organisms.
  2. Reproduce- reproduction is the process of producing new organisms of the same type. (Asexual and Sexual reproduction)
  3. Obtain & Use Energy/Metabolism- need energy to grow, develop, repair damage, and reproduce. (Photosynthesis & Cellular respiration)
  4. Maintain Homeostasis- stable state of conditions in the body that are necessary for life.
  5. Pass Along Hereditary Traits- organisms have DNA, which carry genetic information.
  6. Respond to their environment- organisms react to stimuli
  7. Grow and Develop- getting bigger in size. Development is to change in physical form or physiological make-up of an organism.
  8. Evolve- adaptation is the process that enables organisms to become better suited to their environment. Species obtain adaptations through evolution over great periods of time.
17
Q

List the levels of organization in an organism, starting with atom.

A

Atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism.

18
Q

Cell membrane

A

Protection, support, homeostasis, semi-permeable

19
Q

Nucleus

A

Controls cell activities, contains DNA

20
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Photosynthesis

21
Q

Mitochondria

A

Breaks down sugar (glucose) molecules to release usable energy (ATP)

22
Q

Lysosomes

A

Breaks down larger food molecules into smaller ones.
Digest old cell parts

23
Q

Cell Wall

A

Provides support and protection for the cell

24
Q

Ribosomes

A

produces proteins; smallest organelle

25
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

process and packages molecules that were made by the cell.

26
Q

Cytoplasm

A

supports and protects organells

27
Q

rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Transports and modifies proteins. Covered in ribosomes.

28
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

makes lipids and removes toxins from cells. No ribosomes.

29
Q

What is fermentation? What type of tissue does it occur in and what can it casue?

A

A process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen. Muscle tissue. Cause a build up of lactic acid.

30
Q

What is glycolysis and where does it take place?

A

Occurs in the cytoplasm, glucose is converted into 2 smaller molecules.

31
Q

Where does photosynthesis occur.

A

Chloroplasts

32
Q

Where does cellular respiration occur?

A

Mitochondria.

33
Q

The equation for photosynthesis.

A

6CO2+6H2O -Light- C6H12O6 + 6O2.
Oxygen+ Water -Light- Glucose + Oxygen

34
Q

The Equation for Cellular Respiration.

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -Light- 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

7th Grade Life Science (6 decks)

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