1st 6 Body System Test Review Flashcards
List the main functions of the skeletal system.
1) Provides shape and support to the body.
2) Protects internal organs.
3) Movement
4) Manufacture blood cells in bone marrow.
5) Provides storage of calcium and phosphorous.
Osteociasts
Destroys Bone
Osteoblasts
Build Bone
Osteocytes
Holds bone together
Lining Cells
Protection of bone
What are the two main minerals that are stored in you bones?`
Phosphorous and Calcium
List the main functions of the muscular system.
1) Movement
2) Protection
3) Stability
4) Maintaining body temperature
List the 3 parts of the integumentary system.
1) Hair
2) Nail
3) Skin
How does the skeletal system help maintain homeostasis?
Bones supply calcium to your nerves, muscles, and heart, a healthy skeletal system is important.
How does the muscular system help maintain homeostasis?
Muscle contractions convert chemical energy to thermal energy to keep the body warm. Cardiac muscles pump blood that contains oxygen to keep the body alive.
How does the integumentary system work to help maintain homeostasis?
Skin regulates body temperature and reacts to stimuli.
Explain the difference between red and yellow marrow.
Yellow bone marrow stores fat cells, but red bone marrow creates red and white blood cells.
What is the function of the respiratory system?
Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the external environment and your internal environment.
List the path air takes as it enters and flows through the body.
Air enters the nose and mouth, this helps warm air. It next goes to the Pharynx and the Larynx. It then goes to the Trachea where it carries air from Larynx to the lungs. It goes to the Bronchi/ Bronchial tubes where two tubes split off from the Trachea. It then goes to the Alveoli, tiny sacks in lungs.
Explain the role the diaphragm plays in breathing.
Movement of the diaphragm muscle creates changes in air pressure that moves in and out of the lungs. The pressure difference causes you to inhale and exhale.
What is the function of the digestive system?
Breaks food down into smaller molecules that are absorbed into the blood stream.
Describe the path food takes once it enters your body.
Food enters the mouth and becomes bolus. It goes down the esophagus using peristalsis. It goes into the stomach where it becomes chyme. It enters the small intestine where nutrients is absorbed. It finally goes to the large intestine where water is absorbed and exits the body.
List and explain the accessory organs in your digestive system.
1) Tongue- pushes food down
2) Teeth- chews food (Mechanical Digestion)
3) Salivary Glands- located in the mouth and produces saliva
4) Liver- produce bile
5) Gallbladder- a muscular sac attached to the liver that secrets bile and stores until needed for digestion
6) Pancreas- produce digestive enzymes and helps regulate blood stream.
How does villi help with digestion?
Nutrients moves from the small intestine into the blood through small blood vessels in the villi.
List all the places peristalsis takes place.
Esophagus, Stomach, Small & Large Intestine.
What is the function of the urinary system?
1) Collects waste produced by cells and removes them from the body
2) Maintains homeostasis
3) Works with other excretory organs.
What 4 body systems make up the excretory system and how do each of them remove waste?
1)The digested system collects and removes undigested solid from the food you eat.
2) The urinary system processes, transports, collects, and removes liquid waste from the body.
3) The respiratory system removes carbon dioxide and water vapor from the body.
4) The integumentary system, which includes skin, secretes excess salt and water through sweat glands.
What 3 structures are part of your respiratory and digestive systems?
Mouth, Pharynx, and Epiglottis.
