2nd 6 Body System Test Review Flashcards
Nervous System, Brain, Senses, Circulatory System, Blood
What is the function of the circulatory system?
- Carry nutrients and oxygen TO cells and waste and carbon dioxide AWAY from cells
- Contains cells that fight disease
List the 4 parts of blood and their functions.
- Red blood cells- blood cells that carry oxygen from the lungs to the body cells.
- White blood cells- fight infections
- Plasma- yellowish liquid part of blood transports blood cells.
- Platelet- small pieces of cells that plug wounds and stop bleeding.
List the 3 blood vessels and their functions.
- Artery- a vessel that carries blood away from the heart
- Capillary- a tiny blood vessel thatt carries blood to an individual cell and takes away waste.
- Vein- a vessel that carries blood toward the heart.
List and describe the 3 types of circulation.
- Systemic Circulation- the network of vessels that carry blood from the heart and too the body and from the body back to the heart.
- Coronary Circulation- the network of arteries and veins that supply blood to all the cells in the heart.
- Pulmonary Circulation- the network of vessels that carries blood to and from the lungs.
Describe the flow of blood through the heart, beginning with superior vena cava.
- Superior vena cava
- Right Atrium
- Tricuspid Valve
- Right ventricle
- Pulmonary Valve
- Pulmonary Arteries
- Pulmonary Veins
- Left Atrium
- Mitral Valve
- Left Ventricle
- Aortic Valve
- Ascending and Descending Aorta
List the 4 blood types.
A, B, AB, O
What separates the oxygen-rich blood from the oxygen-poor blood in the heart?
Synapse
What is the function of the lymphatic system?
To filter and return fluid (lymph) to the bloodstream; fights disease.
List the parts of the lymphatic system and their functions.
- Lymph- consists of water, glucose and white blood cells.
- Lymph Nodes- filter lymph, trapping bacteria; makes white blood cells
- Lymph vessels- lymph moves through vessels through skeletal muscle contractions.
How are the lymphatic and circulatory systems connected?
Along with white blood cells, lymph helps fight infections. And it filters the bloodstream.
What blood type is the universal donor and which type is the universal recipient?
O; AB
What are the pumping chambers of the heart and what are the receiving chambers?
Ventricles; Atrium
What is the function of the immune system?
Defends body against disease while blood cells to maintain homeostasis
What are the 2 types of white blood cells? Where are they formed and where do they mature?
B and T-cells. B-cells form and mature in bone marrow and T-cell are formed in bone marrow and mature in the thymus gland.
Describe the relationship between antigens and antibodies.
Antigens are in pathogens that make the pathogens recognizable to antibodies, so they can kill the pathogen.
List the body’s first line defenses and their functions.
- Skin- physical barrier to keep pathogens out.
- Sweat, mucus, and tears- contain lysosomes and other chemicals that kill bacteria.
Explain the body’s inflammatory response.
Infected area swells with lymph and blood, bringing white blood cells to fight pathogen. Second-line defense.
What is immunity?
The resistance to specific pathogens.
Differentiate between active and passive immunity.
Active immunity is the process by which the human body produces antibodies in response to an antigen while passive immunity is the introduction to antibodies that were produced outside the body.
What is an allergy?
An overly sensitive immune system response to common antigens.
Vaccination
weakened or dead pathogens placed in the body, usually by injection or by the mouth.
Spleen
organ that recycles worn out red blood cells and produces and stores lymphoctes.
Lymph nodes
small, spongy particles that filters particles form lymph
Inflammation
process that causes a body area to become red and swollen.
What is the function of the nervous system?
Receives and responds to information from inside and outside the body. Regulates body functions to stimulus and response. Maintains homeostasis.
Dendrite
delivers impulse to cell body
Cell body
contains nucleus and organelles
Axon
carries impulse away form cell body.
3 main parts of the brain:
Cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem
Biggest part of the brain:
Cerebrum
What are the functions of the cerebrum?
responsible for memory, language, and thought.
What are the functions of the cerebellum?
processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance. Voluntary movements.
Central Nervous System
made of brain and spinal cord. Nerves and reflexes.
Peripheral Nervous System
Includes all nerves branching from CNS to body
Explain how a reflex works
an automatic movement in response to a stimuli.
Pituitary
stimulates specific glands
“Master Gland”
7 Hormones: Human Growth hormone (hGH) and Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Parathyroid
-regulate calcium, phosphorous levels, bone development
-Hormones: Parathyroid hormone
Thyroid
-Controls rate body produces energy (metabolism)
-Hormones: triiodothyronine (TB), Thyroxine (T4)
Thymus
-Increase white blood cell function
-Immune response
-Stimulates pituitary hormones
-Hormones: Thymosin, Thymulin
Adrenal
-fight or flight response
-regulates response to stress, blood sugar, cardiovascular & Gastrointestinal function
-Hormones: adrenaline, steroid
Pancreas
-lowers blood, glucose levels
-Hormone: insulin
Ovaries
-egg production
-Sexual maturity
-Menstrual cycle
-Hormones: estrogen, Progesterone
Testes
-Sperm production
-Sexual maturity
-Levels of muscle, bone mass
-Hormones: Testosterone
