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zoology yawa > Characteristics of life > Flashcards

Characteristics of life Flashcards

1
Q

Bio (bios) meaning

A

Life

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2
Q

Logy (logus) meaning

A

the study of

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3
Q

Branches of science that studies all living things

A

Biology

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4
Q

Common characteristics that all Living Things share

A
  • Order or organization
  • Energy acquisition and release
  • Reproduction
  • Growth and Development
  • Regulation or Homeostasis
  • Sensitivity or response to the environment
  • Evolution
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5
Q

The biological levels of organization of living things arranged from the simplest to most complex

A

Order or Organization

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6
Q

All living things need and use energy to live

A

Energy acquisition and release

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7
Q

All energy originally comes from _____?

A

Sun

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8
Q

All organism use a source of energy for their ________?

A

Metabolic activities

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9
Q

An organism that produces its own food

A

Autotroph

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10
Q

An organism that does not make its own food

A

Heterotroph

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11
Q

A process by which organism give rise to an offspring. It is necessary for the survival of a species.

A

Reproduction

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12
Q

_______ is defined as an increase in the number, size, and volume of cells

A

Growth

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13
Q

_______ is the emergence of specialized, morphologically different body parts

A

Development

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14
Q

________ is the ability of an organism to maintain its internal environment despite conditions in the external environment

A

Homeostasis

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15
Q

Anything that causes an organism to react is called ________

A

Stimuli

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16
Q

_____ refers to the body’s ability to detect a stimulus

A

Irritability

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17
Q

_____ refers to the body’s ability to respond and adjust to stimulus

A

Adaptability

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18
Q

It explains how many different kinds of organism came into existence. It also explains how modern organism are related to past organism

A

Evolution

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19
Q

Favorable characteristics are selected for and passed on to offspring called _____

A

Adaptation

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20
Q

It is driven by natural selection or “survival of the fittest”

A

Evolution

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21
Q

An ______ is a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by ordinary chemical means.

A

Element

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22
Q

A ______ is a substance consisting of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio.

A

Compound

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23
Q

How many elements are essential to life

A

25 elements

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24
Q

These four elements are the main ingredient to biological molecules

A

Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen

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25
Q

It is the smallest unit of matter than still retains the properties of an element

A

Atom

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26
Q

A subatomic particle with a single
positive electrical charge

A

Proton

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27
Q

A subatomic particle with a
single negative charge

A

Electron

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28
Q

Electrically neutral and has no charge

A

Neutron

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29
Q

Greek word meaning of atom

A

Indivisible

30
Q

These four elements constitute about 96% of our body weight

A

Carbon, Hydrogen,
Nitrogen, and Oxygen

31
Q

This refers to the formation of a chemical bond between two or more atoms, molecules or ions to give rise to a chemical compound.

A

Chemical bonding

32
Q

4 major classes of biomolecules

A

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic acid

33
Q

Biologist call them ______ because they may consist of thousands of atoms

A

Macromolecules

34
Q

It is a large molecule
consisting of many identical or similar building blocks strung together

A

Polymer

35
Q

The building blocks of polymers are called

A

Monomers

36
Q

How do cells form polymers from monomers

A

Through Dehydration reaction

37
Q

The process which cells break polymer called

A

Hydrolysis

38
Q

It is the basic unit, or monomer, of a
carbohydrate

A

Monosaccharide

39
Q

_______ are macromolecules, polymers of
hundreds to thousands of
monosaccharides linked together by
dehydration reactions

A

Polysaccharides

40
Q

Common types of polysaccharides

A

Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose

41
Q

Are diverse compounds that are
grouped together because they share one trait: They do not mix well with water

A

Lipids

42
Q

The fundamental structure of a lipid is comprised of what

A

Fatty acids and Glycerol molecule

43
Q

A large lipid made up of triacylglycerol molecules; these molecules are composed of one glycerol and three fatty acids

A

Fat

44
Q

The main function of fats

A

Long term energy storage

45
Q

Fatty acids with no double bonds. They become solid at room temperature

A

Saturated fatty acids

46
Q

Fatty acids that contain on or more double bonds, which cause “bends” in the carbon.

A

Unsaturated fatty acids

47
Q

A type of lipid molecule that is the main component of the cell membrane.

A

Phospolipid

48
Q

Are lipids in which the carbon skeleton contains four fused rings

A

Steroids

49
Q

It is a polymer of amino acids; very large molecules with structural and metabolic functions.

A

Protein

50
Q

Four levels of protein structure

A

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary structure

51
Q

A biological macromolecule which function to store genetic information and to express that information in the production of polypeptides.

A

Nucleic Acid

52
Q

Are a single strand of nucleotides, whereas DNA is composed of two nucleotide strands that twist around each other.

A

RNA molecules

53
Q

What is the structure of DNA called

A

Double Helix

54
Q

Are the basic structural and functional unit of life

A

Cells

55
Q

Known as the “English Father of Microscopy”

A

Robert Hooke (1635-1703)

56
Q

Known as the “Father of Microscopy”. He discovered bacteria. He saw that blood cells differed between animals

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)

57
Q

German Botanist that discovered that all plants were made of cells and contributed to the creation of the cell theory

A

Matthias Schleiden (1804-1881)

58
Q

German Zoologist that concluded that are all animals are made of cells and contributed to the creation of the cell theory

A

Theodor Schwann (1810-1882)

59
Q

A German pathologist that is known as the “Father of Pathology”. He discovered that all living cells come only from other living cells.

A

Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902)

60
Q

General Attributes of the cell

A
  • A cell can eat, grow, and move
  • A cell can perform necessary maintenance, recycle parts, and dispose of wastes
  • A cell can adapt to changes in its environment
  • It can replicate itself
61
Q

What are the two types of cells

A

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

62
Q

It serves as storage for hereditary information (nucleus or nucleoids)

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

63
Q

A fluid surrounding the structures of the cell

A

Cytoplasm

64
Q

Controls what goes in and out the cell

A

Plasma Membrane

65
Q

Site of protein synthesis

A

Ribosome

66
Q

It means “before nucleus”. Simplest organism and are very small. It has no membrane to bind its organelles

A

Prokaryotic cells

67
Q

It contains organelles surrounded by membranes. It is found in most living organism

A

Eukaryotic Cell

68
Q

Eu means _____, karyon refers to _____

A

True, Nucleus

69
Q

It carry out genetic control of the cell

A

Nucleus and Ribosomes

70
Q

Organelles involved in the manufacture, distribution, and breakdown of molecules

A

Endomembrane System

71
Q

Energy processing organelles

A

Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

72
Q

Provides structural support, movement, and communication between cells

A

Plasma membrane, cell wall, cytoskeleton

zoology yawa (4 decks)

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