chapterw 4,5,6

Question 1

what is diffusion?

Answer 1

• movement of solutes
• with concentration gradient
• passive
• O2 or CO2

Question 2

what is osmosis?

Answer 2

• movement of solvent
• with concentration gradient
• passive
• water

Question 3

explain the 2 types of carrier mediated transport

Answer 3

1. facilitated diffusion=
\+movement of large solutes
\+passive
\+glucose
2. active transport=
\+movement of large solutes
\+active
\+glucose

Question 4

explain the 2 types of vesicular transport

Answer 4

endocytosis (in)
exocytosis (out)
-pinocytosis(liquid)
-phagocytosis(solid)

Question 5

what does the receptor protein do?

Answer 5

+groups of large molecules in and out of cell

Question 6

what does the channel protein do?

Answer 6

+allows small molecules in and out of cell e.g. water

Question 7

what does the carrier proteins do?

Answer 7

+allows large molecules like glucose in/out of cell, only one type of molecule

Question 8

whats the name of the phospholipid bilayer model we go by?

Answer 8

fluid mosaic model

Question 9

describe tails and heads in phospholipid bilayer?

Answer 9

hydrophobic tails

hydrophilic heads

Question 10

whats the hierarchy of structural organisation in the human body?

Answer 10

cells>tissues>organs>systems>organism

Question 11

whats an example of a system

Answer 11

excretory=removal of wastes

Question 12

name the 4 types of tissues

Answer 12

+connective
+muscular
+nervous
+epithelial

Question 13

what is epithelial tissue?

Answer 13

+covers and lines organs to protect them
+cells are closely joined
+skin

Question 14

whats connective tissue

Answer 14

+provides support for body & holds parts together
+cells are seperated by matrix
+bone

Question 15

whats nervous tissue?

Answer 15

+made up of neurons
+carry messages from brain to carry out function
+e.g. spinal chord

Question 16

what is muscular tissue?

Answer 16

skeletal=muscles attached to bone, voluntary control, arms, striped
involuntary=in stomach, involuntary control, smooth
cardiac=makes uo most of heart, contracts to pump blood, involuntary

Question 17

carbohydrates, elements present, basic unit, function in body

Answer 17

elements=carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
basic unit=monosaccharids, disaccharides, polysaccharides
function=provide energy for body cells

Question 18

proteins, elements, basic unit, function in body?

Answer 18

elements=hydrogen, oxygen,carbon, nitrogen
basic units=amino acids
function=enzymes>speed up chemical reactions

Question 19

lipids, elements, basic units, function

Answer 19

elements= carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
basic unit=glycerol molecule, 3 fatty acids
function=stored in body as energy reserve

Question 20

nucelic acids, elements, basic unit, function

Answer 20

elements=hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous
basic unit=DNA and RNA
function=DNA (stores genetic info), RNA (carries info around cell)

Question 21

whats an enzyme and a substrate?

Answer 21

enzyme=proteins that allow chemical reactions to take place at normal body temp
substrate=molecule on which an enzyme acts

Question 22

7 factors affecting enzymes

Answer 22

I-enzyme inhibitors
P-PH level
S-substrate concentration
T-temperature
R-removal of products
E-enzyme concentration
C-co facts

Question 23

what percentage of glucose is transformed into heat

Answer 23

60%

Question 24

whats a nutrient

Answer 24

any substance required for metablosim

Question 25

name the nutrients

Answer 25

• water-where reactions occur
• carbohydrates-energy source
• lipids-energy source
• proteins-energy source
• minerals-cofactors
• vitamins-cofactors

Question 26

what are the 2 types of respiration

Answer 26

aerobic and anaerobic

Question 27

explain aerobic respiration

Answer 27

• in mitochondria with oxygen
• 1st series is kreb cycle makes 2 ATP
• 2nd series is electron transfer makes 36 ATP

Question 28

explain anaerobic respiration

Answer 28

• in cytoplasm with no oxygen

- 2ATP>lactic acid>if oxygen goes to pyruvic acid and if no oxygen goes blood to liver to oxygen>glucose>glycolysis

Question 29

whats the difference between anabolic and catabolic reactions? use examples

Answer 29

anabolic=build up of molecules, e.g. amino acids to proteins

catabolic=break down of molecules, e.g. glucose to ATP

Question 30

what does ATP and ADP stand for?

Answer 30

ATP- adenosine triphosphate

ADP- adenosine diphosphate

Question 31

what are the 3 types of transport across the cell membrane?

Answer 31

• diffusion
• carrier-mediated
• vesicular transport