chapterw 4,5,6 Flashcards
what is diffusion?
- movement of solutes
- with concentration gradient
- passive
- O2 or CO2
what is osmosis?
- movement of solvent
- with concentration gradient
- passive
- water
explain the 2 types of carrier mediated transport
1. facilitated diffusion= \+movement of large solutes \+passive \+glucose 2. active transport= \+movement of large solutes \+active \+glucose
explain the 2 types of vesicular transport
endocytosis (in)
exocytosis (out)
-pinocytosis(liquid)
-phagocytosis(solid)
what does the receptor protein do?
+groups of large molecules in and out of cell
what does the channel protein do?
+allows small molecules in and out of cell e.g. water
what does the carrier proteins do?
+allows large molecules like glucose in/out of cell, only one type of molecule
whats the name of the phospholipid bilayer model we go by?
fluid mosaic model
describe tails and heads in phospholipid bilayer?
hydrophobic tails
hydrophilic heads
whats the hierarchy of structural organisation in the human body?
cells>tissues>organs>systems>organism
whats an example of a system
excretory=removal of wastes
name the 4 types of tissues
+connective
+muscular
+nervous
+epithelial
what is epithelial tissue?
+covers and lines organs to protect them
+cells are closely joined
+skin
whats connective tissue
+provides support for body & holds parts together
+cells are seperated by matrix
+bone
whats nervous tissue?
+made up of neurons
+carry messages from brain to carry out function
+e.g. spinal chord
what is muscular tissue?
skeletal=muscles attached to bone, voluntary control, arms, striped
involuntary=in stomach, involuntary control, smooth
cardiac=makes uo most of heart, contracts to pump blood, involuntary
carbohydrates, elements present, basic unit, function in body
elements=carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
basic unit=monosaccharids, disaccharides, polysaccharides
function=provide energy for body cells
proteins, elements, basic unit, function in body?
elements=hydrogen, oxygen,carbon, nitrogen
basic units=amino acids
function=enzymes>speed up chemical reactions
lipids, elements, basic units, function
elements= carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
basic unit=glycerol molecule, 3 fatty acids
function=stored in body as energy reserve
nucelic acids, elements, basic unit, function
elements=hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous
basic unit=DNA and RNA
function=DNA (stores genetic info), RNA (carries info around cell)
whats an enzyme and a substrate?
enzyme=proteins that allow chemical reactions to take place at normal body temp
substrate=molecule on which an enzyme acts
7 factors affecting enzymes
I-enzyme inhibitors P-PH level S-substrate concentration T-temperature R-removal of products E-enzyme concentration C-co facts
what percentage of glucose is transformed into heat
60%
whats a nutrient
any substance required for metablosim
name the nutrients
- water-where reactions occur
- carbohydrates-energy source
- lipids-energy source
- proteins-energy source
- minerals-cofactors
- vitamins-cofactors
what are the 2 types of respiration
aerobic and anaerobic
explain aerobic respiration
- in mitochondria with oxygen
- 1st series is kreb cycle makes 2 ATP
- 2nd series is electron transfer makes 36 ATP
explain anaerobic respiration
- in cytoplasm with no oxygen
- 2ATP>lactic acid>if oxygen goes to pyruvic acid and if no oxygen goes blood to liver to oxygen>glucose>glycolysis
whats the difference between anabolic and catabolic reactions? use examples
anabolic=build up of molecules, e.g. amino acids to proteins
catabolic=break down of molecules, e.g. glucose to ATP
what does ATP and ADP stand for?
ATP- adenosine triphosphate
ADP- adenosine diphosphate
what are the 3 types of transport across the cell membrane?
- diffusion
- carrier-mediated
- vesicular transport
