Chapters 9-13

Question 1

Define direct signaling

Answer 1

Molecules transferred from cell to cell through contact

Question 2

Define Paracrine signaling

Answer 2

Sends molecules/signals to groups or cluster of cells

Question 3

Define Endocrine signaling

Answer 3

Sends hormones with the help of the circulatory system to the whole body

Question 4

Define Synaptic

Answer 4

Sends neurotransmitters between a gap which will cause a response in the body

Question 5

Space into which neurotransmitters are released Chemical

Answer 5

Synaspe

Question 6

The class of cell surface receptors that assist in transmitting a signal from a receptor to an effector and are composed of alpha, beta and gamma subunits are called

Answer 6

G-protein- coupled receptors

Question 7

A researcher is investigating several MHC proteins. That means she’s is

Answer 7

studying proteins that provide surface markers for distinguishing between “self” and “non-self”

Question 8

Small molecules or ions can pass from one cell to another through is called

Answer 8

gap junctions

Question 9

Bacteria divide by _____, in which the cell divides into two nearly equal halves.

Answer 9

Binary fisson

Question 10

the portion of the cell cycle in which the chromosomes are invisible under light microscope because the are not yet condensed.

Answer 10

prophase

Question 11

the stage of mitosis characterized by the alignment of the chromosomes along the midline of the cell

Answer 11

Metaphase

Question 12

The progress of mitosis is regulated ______and their dependent kinases.

Answer 12

Cyclins

Question 13

Eukaryotic chromosomes are composed of a complex of 60% protein and 40% DNA. The name of this chemical complex is

Answer 13

chromatin.

Question 14

The attachment of which molecules is critical for the proper separation of sister chromatids.

Answer 14

microtubules

Question 15

Animal cells typically achieve cytokinesis by

Answer 15

forming a cleavage furrow that pinches the cell into two.

Question 16

a process of nuclear division in which the number of chromosomes in certain cells is halved during gamete formation.

Answer 16

Meiosis

Question 17

The two homologous chromosomes pair along their length early in the first nuclear division. During this physical joining genetic exchange occurs between in a process called

Answer 17

genetic recombination.

Question 18

The _____ of an organism is the physical appearance resulting from the expression of genes present.

Answer 18

Phenotype

Question 19

Mendel invented the_____ cross to determine whether an individual with an unknown genotype was homozygous or heterozygous for a trait.

Answer 19

test

Question 20

Traits that are carried on the X chromosomes are said to be

Answer 20

sex-linked.

Question 21

A phenomenon called ____ is when chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis, leading to a condition in which the diploid number is not normal.

Answer 21

nondisjunction

Question 22

Humans who have lost even one copy of an autosomes are called

Answer 22

monosomics.

Question 23

inherited their mitochondrial DNA from their mother and none from their father.

Answer 23

Both sons and daughter

Question 24

A 39 year old woman is in her sixth week of pregnancy. Due to her advanced maternal age she is a high risk for having a baby with Down’s syndrome. She would like to find out as early as possible whether or not her baby has Down’s syndrome. Her doctor suggests

Answer 24

chorionic villi sampling.