Chapters 1-3 Flashcards
Define Biology
The area of science that studies life and it’s process
After making careful observations a scientist constructs….
makes a hypothesis
The process of natural selection was the mechanism for what
evolution
Define analogous
have similar functions but differ in orgin
Levels of organizations in living organism
Atoms Molecules Cells Tissues Organs Organ systems Organisms Populations Communities Ecosystem Biosphere
Define Matter
All substance in the universe that has mass and occupies space
Define atomic number
the number of protons in a given atom
Define Isotopes
Decay with a nuclear break up and emit a significant amount of radioactive energy
Carbon-12, Carbon-13, Carbon-14
Define pH
the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution
Define Electrons
Negatively charged particles of an atom with almost no mass
Define Protons
Positively charged particles located in the nucleus of an atom
Define covalent bonds
when two atoms share a pair of electrons
Why is water polar
Water molecules are polar with ends that exhibit partial positive and negative charges. Such opposite charges make water molecules attract each other through hydrogen bonds
What an orbital and energy shell are (in relation to electrons)
The area around a nucleus where an electron is most likely to be found is the orbital.
A modified form of cellulose found in the exoskeleton of insects and crustaceans is
Chitin
Define Hydrolysis reactions
The covalent bond connecting the monomer units in sugar can be broken by the addition of a water molecule.
Monomer of Carbohydrates
monosaccharides
Monomer of Nucleic acid
nucleotides
Monomer of Proteins
amino acids
Lipids
fatty acids
most common monosaccharide
glucose
levels of protein structure
Primary
Secondary
α helix
𝛽 sheets
Tertiary
QuaternaryDefine an enzyme
Proteins that can carry out catalysis in organisms
Humans do not have the cellulose digesting enzyme.
bases of DNA
A
T
C
G
Bases of RNA
A
U
C
G
