Chapters 4-8

Question 1

A semi-fluid matrix that occupies the area between the nucleus and the plasma membrane is called …

Answer 1

the cytoplasm

Question 2

What cells have a plasma membrane

Answer 2

All cells contain a plasma membrane.

Question 3

Animal cells excrete glycoproteins outside of the plasma membrane to produce an…

Answer 3

extracellular matrix

Question 4

Interior of eukaryotic cells contain numerous membrane- membrane structures to produce an..

Answer 4

organelles

Question 5

Microfilaments such as actin, microtubules and intermediate filaments form the cell- supporting structure called …

Answer 5

the cytoskeleton

Question 6

The chromosomal hereditary material is package in this organelle in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells is called

Answer 6

the nucleus

Question 7

Some ribosomes are embedded where?

Answer 7

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 8

Plant cells often have a large membrane-bound sac that is used for storing water and other substance. This organelle is called

Answer 8

a central vacuole.

Question 9

The generally accepted evolutionary process which created which created the organelles chloroplast,and mitochondria is the

Answer 9

theory of Endosymbiosis.

Question 10

A type of transport of a solute across a membrane, up it’s concentration gradient, using protein carriers driven by the expenditure of chemical energy is known as

Answer 10

Active transport.

Question 11

Define aquaporins

Answer 11

specialized channels for water movement.

Question 12

Define Diffusion

Answer 12

the net movement of substances to regions of lower concentration.

Question 13

Carrier- mediated transport is also called

Answer 13

facilitated diffusion

Question 14

The lipid layer that forms the foundation of cell membranes is primarily composed of molecules called

Answer 14

phospholipids

Question 15

Incubation of cells at 20℃ blocks the release of proteins from the trans- golgi. Under such conditions you would expect to see

Answer 15

a decrease in exocytosis

Question 16

Define energy

Answer 16

the capacity to do work

Question 17

The process of influencing the chemical bonds in a way that lowers the _____ needed to speed up a chemical reaction is called a catalysis.

Answer 17

activation energy

Question 18

A molecule that closely resembles the shape of a substrate for an enzyme might serve a

Answer 18

competitive inhibitor

Question 19

The regulation of simple biochemical pathways often involves the end-product binding to allosteric site of the first enzyme in the sequence. This mode of regulation called

Answer 19

feedback inhibition

Question 20

Protein catalysts that speed up the various metabolic biological reactions in an organism are called

Answer 20

enzymes

Question 21

Enzymes have specific____ with which they interact.

Answer 21

Substrates

Question 22

When an atom or molecule gains one or more electrons it is said to be

Answer 22

reduced

Question 23

Organisms that can manufacture their own chemical energy sources called

Answer 23

autotrophs

Question 24

In glycolysis, a major portion of the energy remains in the final product, which is called

Answer 24

pyruvate

Question 25

Fats undergo a process called______oxidation, which the products are acetyl coenzyme molecules

Answer 25

beta

Question 26

The first stage of cellular respiration, _____, occurs with or without oxygen present

Answer 26

glycolysis

Question 27

When oxygen is limiting, during heavy exercise, muscle cells revert to______ fermentation for energy production

Answer 27

lactic acid

Question 28

The coenzyme electron carriers produced in the Krebs cycle are

Answer 28

FADH2 and NADH.

Question 29

Since membranes are relatively impermeable to ions, most of the protons re-enter the matrix by passing through special channels in the inner mitochondrial membranes. Because of the inward flow of protons these channels allow the synthesis of

Answer 29

ATP from ADP and Pi

Question 30

steps of glucose breakdown (steps of cellular respiration)

Answer 30

Glycolysis→ Pyruvate → Acetyl CoA→ Krebs Cycle → Electron Transport Chain

Question 31

, even though the calvin cycle reactions require the products of the light reactions, it’s reactions can occur in the

Answer 31

Dark

Question 32

Molecules that absorb light are called

Answer 32

Pigment

Question 33

In green plants photosynthesis, the electron donor for the light dependent reaction is

Answer 33

water

Question 34

Flattened sacs of internal membranes associated with photosynthesis are called

Answer 34

Thylakoids

Question 35

Chlorophyll b absorbs in green wavelengths of light that chlorophyll a cannot absorb. In this respect, chlorophyll b acts as an

Answer 35

accessory pigment.

Question 36

The dark reactions of photosynthesis are those that convert

Answer 36

CO2 into reduced molecules. (sugars)

Question 37

How many revolutions does it take for the Calvin cycle to produce one glucose

Answer 37

6

Question 38

are important to many plants because these pigments are able to absorb wavelengths of light that neither chlorophyll a not b can absorb.

Answer 38

Carotenoids

Question 39

Visible light not strongly absorbed by chlorophylls is

Answer 39

Green

Question 40

A method devised by succulent desert plants to reduce the problem of photorespiration is the

Answer 40

CAM metabolism

Question 41

At the conclusion of an enzyme catalyzed reaction, the enzyme

Answer 41

frees its self from product and is ready to be reused