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Juvenile Delinquency > Chapters 9-11 > Flashcards

Chapters 9-11 Flashcards

1
Q

Parents who are warm but firm; they set standards of behavior for their child and highly value the development of autonomy and self-direction.

A

authoritative parents

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2
Q

Acts of omission that involve failing to meet the nurturing and affection needs of a child, exposing a child to chronic or severe spouse abuse, allowing or permitting a child to use drugs or alcohol, encouraging the child to engage in maladaptive behaviors, refusing to provide psychological care, and other inattention to the child’s developmental needs.

A

emotional neglect

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3
Q

Family courts that specifically adjudicate child welfare cases involving child abuse and neglect and parental substance abuse.

A

Family Dependency Treatment Courts

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4
Q

Acts that cause physical harm, including death.

A

physical abuse

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5
Q

Parents who are relatively more responsive, accepting, benign, and passive in matters of discipline and place few demands on their child.

A

indulgent parents

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6
Q

Children who regularly care for themselves without adult supervision after school or on weekends.

A

latchkey children

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7
Q

Severe mistreatment of children, involving several types of abuse and neglect.

A

maltreatment

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8
Q

Parents who place a high value on obedience and conformity, tending to favor more punitive, absolute, and forceful disciplinary measures.

A

authoritarian parents

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9
Q

Acts of omission that involve refusal to provide health care, delay in providing health care, abandonment, expulsion of a child from a home, inadequate supervision, failure to meet food and clothing needs, and conspicuous failure to protect a child from danger.

A

physical neglect

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10
Q

Acts of commission of sexual acts against children that are used to provide sexual gratification to the perpetrator.

A

sexual abuse

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11
Q

Families composed of children and one parent who is divorced or widowed or who was never married.

A

single-parent families

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12
Q

The process through which children learn the norms and values of a particular society or social group so that they can function within it.

A

socialization

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13
Q

Families in which the child lives with both biological parents, but has half- and step-siblings who may or may not reside in the household.

A

blended families

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14
Q

Which theorist believes that there are no “good” divorces when it comes to children?

A

Elizabeth Marquardt

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15
Q

Families defined as two married biological parents with no half- or step-siblings.

A

nuclear households

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16
Q

Acts of omission and commission that include permitting chronic truancy, failure to enroll a child in school, and inattention to the child’s specific education needs.

A

educational neglect

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17
Q

Who found that a child with at least 50 children’s books in his or her room scores about five percentile points higher on standardized intelligence tests than a child with no books?

A

Steven Levitt

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18
Q

Parents who are unresponsive to their child and may, in extreme cases, be neglectful.

A

indifferent parents

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19
Q

Who believes there are two critical aspects of parent’s behavior toward children: parental responsiveness and parental demandingness?

A

Diana Baumrind

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20
Q

What French sociologist believed the integrative function of religion was crucial for maintaining social order?

A

Emile Durkheim

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21
Q

Acts of commission that include confinement, verbal or emotional abuse, and other types of abuse, such as withholding sleep, food, or shelter.

A

emotional abuse

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22
Q

Which theorist sees three major effects of divorce on women that dramatically affect children: Divorced mothers are overloaded from both work and child rearing, face financial strains, and are likely to be socially isolated.

A

Mavis Hetherington

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23
Q

Families in which unmarried biological parents live together.

A

intact cohabiting families

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24
Q

Which theorist reports that in the year following the breakup, children in single-parent families are more likely to suffer psychological distress, but in the long run they cope more successfully than children in intact families where parents do not get along?

A

Mavis Hetherington

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25
Q

Who’s analysis of data from the National Youth Survey suggests that youths who have been raised in the long-term presence of a step-parent are more likely to engage in violent delinquency than youths with minimal or no exposure to a step-parent?

A

Cesar Rebellon

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26
Q

The degree to which parents are supportive of the needs of their children.

A

parental responsiveness

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27
Q

Who assessed the link between religiosity and risky sexual behaviors among a large sample of more than 6000 youths from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth.

A

Jennifer Manlove

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28
Q

What is the most frequently cited work on the topic of religiosity and delinquency?

A

“Hellfire and Delinquency” by Travis Hirschi

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29
Q

U.S. Supreme Court decision stating that teachers can administer reasonable corporal punishment for disciplinary purposes.

A

Baker v. Owen

30
Q

The extent to which parents demand age-appropriate behavior from children.

A

parental demandingness

31
Q

Which theorist believes divorced parents make fewer demands on their children, provide less monitoring, are more likely to display hostility, and tend to use less effective disciplinary techniques than do married parents?

A

Ronald Simons

32
Q

U.S. Supreme Court decision stating that schools may prohibit vulgar and offensive language.

A

Bethel School District No. 403 v. Fraser

33
Q

U.S. Supreme Court decision that expanded the Acton ruling; it stated that schools may require students to submit to a urinalysis for illegal drugs prior to participating in all competitive extracurricular activities.

A

Board of Education of Independent School District No. 92 of Pottawatomie County et al. v. Earls et al.

34
Q

Negative acts by students carried out against other students repeatedly over time.

A

bullying

35
Q

Who’s study of a cohort of 632 male juveniles from low-income families found that maltreatment significantly influenced the initiation and continuation of delinquency among the study participants?

A

John Lemmon

36
Q

A partnership of teachers who have shared values and expectations of student learning and appropriate student behavior.

A

communal school organization

37
Q

A legislative act that requires students to attend school between specific ages (e.g., 6-16 years old).

A

compulsory school attendance law

38
Q

The infliction of physical pain as a penalty for violating a school rule.

A

corporal punishment

39
Q

U.S. Supreme Court decision stating that school authorities who use excessive or extreme punishment against a child may be sued for damages suffered by the student and must pay attorney fees if they lose the lawsuit.

A

Garcia v. Miera

40
Q

U.S. Supreme Court decision stating that students who are to be suspended for 10 or fewer days must receive a hearing.

A

Goss v. Lopez

41
Q

U.S. Supreme Court decision stating that parents do not have a constitutional right to exempt their children from corporal punishment in public schools.

A

Hall v. Tawney

42
Q

U.S. Supreme Court decision stating that school administrators can regulate the content of student publications in public schools for educational purposes.

A

Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier

43
Q

U.S. Supreme Court decision stating that before school officials may expel a disabled student, the school must first determine whether the offending behavior was caused by the student’s disability.

A

Honig v. Doe

44
Q

U.S. Supreme Court decision stating that corporal punishment does not violate the cruel and unusual punishment clause of the Eighth Amendment.

A

Ingraham v. Wright

45
Q

U.S. Supreme Court decision that further clarified juveniles’ right to free speech at school and in public areas.

A

Morse v. Frederick

46
Q

U.S. Supreme Court decision stating that school officials can conduct warrantless searches of individuals at school on the basis of reasonable suspicion.

A

New Jersey v. T.L.O.

47
Q

A homicide, suicide, legal intervention (involving a law enforcement officer), or unintentional firearm-related death where the fatal injury occurred on the campus of a functioning elementary or secondary school.

A

school-associated violent death

48
Q

A control-based policy under which a police officer works within the school to perform a variety of specialized duties.

A

School Resource Officer Program

49
Q

A search of all students’ lockers.

A

sweep search

50
Q

U.S. Supreme Court decision stating that school officials may legally search students and their lockers without consent.

A

Thompson v. Carthage School District

51
Q

U.S. Supreme Court decision stating that students have the right of free expression, as long as their behavior does not interrupt school activities or intrude in school affairs or the lives of others.

A

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District

52
Q

The grouping of students into curricular categories, such as the college-preparatory, general, vocational, business, agricultural, and remedial tracks.

A

tracking

53
Q

Individuals whose job is to check for student absences from school.

A

truant officers

54
Q

U.S. Supreme Court decision stating that students participating in school athletic activities must submit upon request to an involuntary drug test (urinalysis).

A

Vernonia School District 47J v. Acton

55
Q

U.S. Supreme Court decision stating that students do not have to salute the flag while reciting the Pledge of Allegiance.

A

West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette

56
Q

The use of a drug at least once during the prior year.

A

annual prevalence

57
Q

Supreme Court ruling that mandatory drug testing of students involved in any extracurricular activity is constitutional.

A

Board of Education of Pottawatomie County v. Earls et al.

58
Q

Federal legislation that mandated a five-day waiting period for the purchase of handguns.

A

Brady Bill

59
Q

The overlapping of behavioral problems that mutually reinforce one another but ultimately stem from some other cause.

A

comorbidity

60
Q

Relaxing of the enforcement of certain laws–for example, drug laws.

A

decriminalization

61
Q

A program aimed at children in kindergarten through twelfth grade, designed to equip students with appropriate skills to resist substance abuse and gangs.

A

Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E.)

62
Q

Use of a public health model to reduce the risks and negative consequences of drug use.

A

harm reduction

63
Q

The elimination of many laws currently prohibiting drugs, but not necessarily eliminating all regulation.

A

legalization

64
Q

The use of a drug at least once during the respondent’s lifetime.

A

lifetime prevalence

65
Q

The use of a drug at least once during the previous month.

A

30-day prevalence

66
Q

Who introduced a theory of school violence that focused on the loss of teacher authority, which is primarily the result of “open” classrooms established in the late 1960’s

A

Paul Copperman in The Literacy Hoax

67
Q

Which theorist reviewed 15 years of studies on youth violent and exposure to youth violence and found that it has immediate and long term effects?

A

Daniel Flannery

68
Q

Which theorist contends that the process of socialization into drug use is selective. She focused on adolescents drinking in drugging due to the social situations they were in.

A

Denise Kandel

69
Q

Which theorist compared a group of youngsters who had been sexually abused as children with a group of non-abused youths, finding a strong connection between the childhood experience of sexual abuse and later drug use?

A

Ann Burgess

70
Q

Which theorist examined the drop in crime in the United States and Canada to explore what caused the drastic declines in crime and believes that the causes of the crime decline in both countries lay in demographic shifts, improved work opportunities, and changes in cultural values?

A

Marc Ouimet

71
Q

Which theorist found that although drug use and drug trafficking were correlated with other delinquent activities, only a minority of offenders reported ever using drugs while committing the crime?

A

David Altschuler

72
Q

Which theorist believes that it may not be possible to eliminate marijauana use through legal controls such as those implemented in the Netherlands and argues against any decriminalization or legalization of drugs such as cocaine and crack.

A

Erich Goode

Juvenile Delinquency (4 decks)

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