Chapters 8-9

Question 1

the first bill ever introduced in the senate

Answer 1

judiciary act of 1789

Question 2

courts that congress has created by its authority under Article III

Answer 2

constitutional courts

Question 3

the right of a court to hear and decide a case

Answer 3

jurisdiction

Question 4

special courts created by congress to try or to handle appeals form specific cases arising form the powers granted to Congress

Answer 4

legislative courts

Question 5

the chief decision makers of the federal judiciary

Answer 5

judges

Question 6

supreme court judges

Answer 6

justices

Question 7

the professional interest group that has the most influence on the President and his choice of a federal judge

Answer 7

American Bar Association

Question 8

a legal case in which a plaintiff feels he has been wronged by a defendant and seeks to recover monetary compensation or equitable treatment

Answer 8

civil case

Question 9

the person filling a lawsuit

Answer 9

plantiff

Question 10

the person named in a lawsuit; the person sued or accused

Answer 10

defendant

Question 11

a legal case in which the government is the plaintiff and seeks to bring some legal action against the defendant because he has wronged society by his behavior

Answer 11

criminal case

Question 12

an official examination of available evidence in a court of law

Answer 12

trial

Question 13

the most active of the federal judiciary courts

Answer 13

United States District Courts

Question 14

the right of a court to be the first to hear and decide a case

Answer 14

original jurisdiction

Question 15

examines the evidence presented by the prosecutor to determine whether there is sufficient evidence against the accused to try a case

Answer 15

grand jury

Question 16

formal accusation against the accused

Answer 16

indictment

Question 17

sets the accused free immediately

Answer 17

acquittal

Question 18

hears a case in court

Answer 18

trial jury

Question 19

the decision of a trial jury

Answer 19

verdict

Question 20

a jury that cannot agree on a verdict

Answer 20

hung jury

Question 21

material presented as proof at a trial

Answer 21

evidence

Question 22

a set of standards governing the admission of evidence into court proceedings

Answer 22

rules of evidence

Question 23

states that evidence obtained illegally is not admissible in a court of law

Answer 23

exclusionary rule

Question 24

a request that a higher court review a case’s records and the verdict of the lower court

Answer 24

appeal

Question 25

where most of the appeals from the federal district courts go

Answer 25

United States Court of Appeals

Question 26

the right of a court to review the ruling of a lower court

Answer 26

appellate jurisdiction

Question 27

a lawyer's written argument

Answer 27

brief

Question 28

past court decisions involving similar cases

Answer 28

precedents

Question 29

the highest tribunal of the United States

Answer 29

the Supreme Court

Question 30

True or false: the Supreme Court possesses both original and appellate jurisdiction

Answer 30

true

Question 31

the right of a court to declare a law, or action based upon that law, unconstitutional

Answer 31

judicial review

Question 32

person who asserted the right of judicial review

Answer 32

John Marshall

Question 33

a formal legal document ordering or prohibiting something

Answer 33

writ

Question 34

a court order compelling a person to obey

Answer 34

writ of mandamus

Question 35

a petition for the Supreme Court to hear a case

Answer 35

writ of certiorari

Question 36

one who appeals a case

Answer 36

appellant

Question 37

the power of the Supreme Court to decide if it will hear a case

Answer 37

discretionary review

Question 38

one who petitions a court to review the decision of a lower court

Answer 38

petitioner

Question 39

"friend of the court"

Answer 39

amicus curiae

Question 40

the custom that serves to remind all the justices that differences of opinion do not preclude harmony of purpose

Answer 40

conference handshake

Question 41

an opinion written by any justice who agrees with the majority decision of the court but considers it necessary to explain his reasoning in a separate opinion

Answer 41

concurring opinion

Question 42

an opinion written by any justice who does not vote with the majority and finds it necessary to explain his reasons for disagreement

Answer 42

dissenting opinion

Question 43

the decision of a majority of the Court when it is divided on a case

Answer 43

majority opinion

Question 44

the decision of the Court in which all justices agree

Answer 44

unanimous opinion

Question 45

the role of the supreme court to interpret the constitution as it was written and understood by it's framers

Answer 45

judicial restraint

Question 46

supreme court decision that declared it unconstitutional for a state to deny abortions

Answer 46

Roe v. Wade

Question 47

deliberately killing unborn children

Answer 47

elective abortions

Question 48

a statement of an individual citizen's legal privileges

Answer 48

bill of rights

Question 49

Amendment: freedom of religion, speech, and press; the right to petition

Answer 49

1

Question 50

Amendment: right to keep and bear arms

Answer 50

2

Question 51

Amendment: quartering of soldiers in private homes

Answer 51

3

Question 52

Amendment: searches and seizures

Answer 52

4

Question 53

Amendment: criminal proceedings

Answer 53

5

Question 54

Amendment: criminal proceedings continued

Answer 54

6

Question 55

Amendment: jury trial in civil cases

Answer 55

7

Question 56

Amendment: excessive punishments

Answer 56

8

Question 57

Amendment: unenumerated rights of the people

Answer 57

9

Question 58

Amendment: powers reserved to states

Answer 58

10

Question 59

Amendment: suits against states

Answer 59

11

Question 60

Amendment: election of president and vice president

Answer 60

12

Question 61

Amendment: abolition of slavery

Answer 61

13

Question 62

Amendment: civil rights and citizenship to black Americans; apportionment of Representative; Political disabilities; public debt

Answer 62

14

Question 63

Amendment: Right of suffrage for black Americans

Answer 63

15

Question 64

Amendment: income tax

Answer 64

16

Question 65

Amendment: popular election of senators

Answer 65

17

Question 66

Amendment: national prohibition

Answer 66

18

Question 67

Amendment: women's suffrage

Answer 67

19

Question 68

Amendment: the convening of congress and the inauguration of the president and vice president

Answer 68

20

Question 69

Amendment: repeal of national prohibition

Answer 69

21

Question 70

Amendment: limitation of presidential tenure

Answer 70

22

Question 71

Amendment: presidential electors for Washington DC

Answer 71

23

Question 72

Amendment: abolition of poll tax

Answer 72

24

Question 73

Amendment: presidential and vice presidential succession

Answer 73

25

Question 74

Amendment: suffrage for citizens eighteen years of age or older

Answer 74

26

Question 75

Amendment: restrictions on changes in congressional salary

Answer 75

27

Question 76

the european pattern of religion

Answer 76

national religion/state church

Question 77

two clauses concerning religion in the 1st Amendment

Answer 77

"establishment" clause and "free exercise" clause

Question 78

test used to determine religious cases

Answer 78

Lemon Test

Question 79

false speech

Answer 79

slander

Question 80

false writing

Answer 80

libel

Question 81

to say or write anything that would harm one's country or advocate its violent, revolutionary overthrow

Answer 81

treason

Question 82

obscene writings or pictures

Answer 82

pornography

Question 83

liberty of the press to publish anything without federal censorship

Answer 83

prior restraint

Question 84

to ask the government to provide solutions concerning political and social problems

Answer 84

redress of grievances

Question 85

an armed citizenry

Answer 85

milita

Question 86

laws restricting the sale of handguns by requiting a waiting period for the purchase of a handgun

Answer 86

Brady law

Question 87

affirmed by amendment 3

Answer 87

property rights

Question 88

a written statement issued by a judge which gives a law officer the legal right to search for a particular thing in a specific place

Answer 88

warrant

Question 89

reaffirms the right to own and to control private property

Answer 89

freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures

Question 90

a crime so serious that it is punishable by death

Answer 90

capital crime

Question 91

a serious crime

Answer 91

felony

Question 92

military court

Answer 92

court-martial

Question 93

where a serviceman found guilty in a court martial has the right to appeal

Answer 93

US Court of Military Appeals

Question 94

the right of civil government to take over a person's land or other private property for public use

Answer 94

eminent domain

Question 95

to be required to appear in court

Answer 95

summoned

Question 96

a sum of money that a person accused of a crime deposits with a court in order to be temporarily released from jail

Answer 96

bail

Question 97

declared the slaves within the Confederacy to be "then, thenceforward, and forever free"

Answer 97

Emancipation Proclamation

Question 98

the right to vote

Answer 98

sufferage

Question 99

the amendment that is the source of federal civil rights legislation

Answer 99

14

Question 100

provided the means to enforce the 18th amendment

Answer 100

Volstead Act (National Prohibition Act)

Question 101

the "lame duck amendment"

Answer 101

20