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American Government > Chapters 10-11 > Flashcards

Chapters 10-11 Flashcards

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1
Q

a republic in which the power is divided among the governments within the nation

A

federal republic

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2
Q

the central (national) government possesses all of the power

A

unitary system

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3
Q

the local units (states) possess all political power

A

confederacy

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4
Q

divides political power between the national and state governments

A

federal system

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5
Q

powers that both the national government and state governments exercise

A

concurent powers

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6
Q

powers expressly stated in the constitution

A

expressed powers

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7
Q

powers implied in the constitution

A

implied powers

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8
Q

the court case that established the doctrine of implied powers

A

McCulloch v. Maryland

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9
Q

powers which are reserved by the Constitution for the states or the people

A

resvered powers

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10
Q

the act of one state honoring the civil laws and county decisions of other states

A

full faith and credit

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11
Q

the special rights and protections guaranteed to the citizens of a state

A

privileges and immunities

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12
Q

the surrendering of an accused or convicted felon to the state from which he fled

A

extradition

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13
Q

each government is independent and exercises it s power without the assistance of other governments

A

dual federalism

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14
Q

belief that adherents could nullify laws they considered unconstitutional

A

doctrine of nullification

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15
Q

culmination of the conflict between the states and the federal government

A

civil war

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16
Q

gave broader interpretations to the power of congress to regulate commerce

A

Gibbons v. Ogden

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17
Q

provided for the federal government to tax personal incomes

A

16th amendment

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18
Q

two events that provided the federal government with the opportunity to extend its taxing power in the name of aiding the states

A

great depression and ww2

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19
Q

central government works with the states to alleviate the economic woes which resulted from the great depression and ww2

A

cooperative federalism

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20
Q

monies the national government gives to state or local governments for some designated purpose

A

federal grants

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21
Q

when congress was issuing more penalties than incentives to force the states to implement federal programs

A

coercive federalism

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22
Q

the court case that gave congress almost unlimited power over the states

A

Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Authority

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23
Q

when a federal law supersedes or overrides a similar state law

A

preemption

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24
Q

general purpose grants that allow the states to have more jurisdiction in how to use the funds

A

block grants

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25
Q

grants that are given to the states that give congress more control over the states

A

categorical grants

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26
Q

rules that govern the use of money from grants

A

mandates

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27
Q

required that voting registration be available everywhere there was a state department of motor vehicles

A

motor voter law

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28
Q

stated that congress would have to conduct studies to determine the cost of mandates on the states

A

unfunded mandates reform act

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29
Q

a written plan which sets up a form of government and establishes its basic governing principles

A

constitution

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30
Q

serves as a states fundamental law

A

state constitution

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31
Q

the oldest written constitution now in force anywhere in the world

A

Massachusetts constitution

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32
Q

a short introductory statement telling why the constitution was written

A

preamble

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33
Q

provisions listing the basic rights of the people and limiting the powers of government

A

bill of rights

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34
Q

provisions for the three separate branches of state government

A

description of state government

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35
Q

provisions in state constitutions for local subdivisions of state government

A

description of local government

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36
Q

provisions dealing with voting qualifications and elections, the collection of state taxes and appropriation of funds, education, and various other aspects of state government

A

general provisions

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37
Q

provisions dealing with the process by which the constitution may be amended or revised

A

provisions for change

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38
Q

a major change in a state constitution

A

revision

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39
Q

a minor change in a state constitution

A

amendment

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40
Q

the three methods of proposing constitutional amendments used among the states

A

convention proposal
legislative proposal
initiative proposal

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41
Q

the process whereby citizens may enact their own laws or constitutional amendments by placing them on the ballot for acceptance or rejection by the voters

A

initiative

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42
Q

an election in which the voters of the state approve or reject a proposed amendment

A

referendum

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43
Q

one of the most important functions of state government

A

law enforcement

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44
Q

a governor’s official residence

A

governor’s mansion

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45
Q

more votes than anyone else

A

plurality

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46
Q

when state legislature removes the governor

A

impeachment

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47
Q

when the voters remove the governor

A

recall

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48
Q

by virtue of office or position

A

ex officio

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49
Q

orders that dictate how a law should be carried out

A

executive orders

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50
Q

the power to veto part of a bill without vetoing the entire bill

A

item veto

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51
Q

powers toward convicted criminals

A

clemency

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52
Q

serves as president of the state senate

A

lieutenant governor

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53
Q

has charge of keeping a wide variety of state records and documents

A

secretary of state

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54
Q

gives legal advise to the governor and other state officials

A

attorney general

55
Q

guardian of state funds

A

treasurer

56
Q

sees that state funds are spent properly

A

auditor

57
Q

officer who oversees the operation of the public school system

A

superintendent of public instruction/commissioner of education

58
Q

only state with a unicameral legislature

A

Nebraska

59
Q

court case that decided that federal courts could have jurisdiction in cases involving state apportionment

A

Baker v. Carr

60
Q

court case that ruled that the apportionment of both the house and senate must be based on population

A

Reynolds v. Sims

61
Q

voters choose the political party’s nominees

A

direct primary

62
Q

presiding officer of the House

A

speaker

63
Q

keeps order in the state legislature

A

sergeant at arms

64
Q

keeps unauthorized people from entering a legislative chamber

A

doorkeeper

65
Q

runs errands for legislators

A

page

66
Q

legislative system used by state legislatures

A

committee system

67
Q

made to keep the legislative houses from being at odds with each other

A

joint committees

68
Q

most often used type of vote in state legislation

A

voice vote

69
Q

Vote in which those for and against a measure stand to be counted

A

standing vote

70
Q

Vote in which legislators file between two tellers to record their vote

A

teller vote

71
Q

type of vote that is permanently kept on record

A

roll-call vote

72
Q

when an act of the legislature must be referred to the voters for approval or rejection

A

mandatory referendum

73
Q

percentage of all court cases in the US that are decided by state courts

A

90 percent

74
Q

lowest of the state court system

A

justice of the peace courts

75
Q

the lowest state courts in sparsely populated urban areas

A

magistrate courts/police courts

76
Q

what magistrate courts and police courts have been replaced with in larger urban areas

A

municipal courts

77
Q

courts that exist to help people collect small sums of money allegedly due them

A

special small claims courts

78
Q

known as courts of record because a transcript is made of the trial proceedings/ above the lower state courts

A

general trial courts

79
Q

preside over trial courts

A

judges

80
Q

keeps a court’s records

A

court clerks

81
Q

the police officer of a court

A

bailiff

82
Q

courts of appeals in some states

A

intermediate appellate courts

83
Q

the top court in a state

A

state supreme court

84
Q

the highest court to which a case can be appealed (state supreme court)

A

court of last resort

85
Q

a group of people selected to ascertain the truth on the basis of evidence presented to them

A

jury

86
Q

aids the judicial process by testifying under oath about what he has seen and heard in regard to a particular case

A

witness

87
Q

the largest unit of local government

A

county

88
Q

what counties are known as in Louisiana

A

parishes

89
Q

what counties are known as in Alaska

A

boroughs

90
Q

the city in which a county government has its headquarters

A

county seat

91
Q

the governing body in a county

A

county board

92
Q

the most common type of county board; consists of 3 to 7 members

A

board of commissioners

93
Q

county board consisting of 12 to fifty members

A

board of supervisors

94
Q

provides police protection for rural areas

A

sheriff

95
Q

appraises taxable property within the county

A

county assessor

96
Q

receives taxes and fees, acts as the caretaker of county funds, and makes authorized payments from the county treasury

A

treasurer

97
Q

supervises a county’s records and authorizes the spending of county funds

A

auditor

98
Q

conducts criminal investigations and prosecutes criminals

A

prosecuting attorney

99
Q

maintains county records and issues various kinds of licenses

A

clerk

100
Q

investigates the cause of death when someone dies under unknown circumstances

A

coroner/medical examiner

101
Q

elected chief executive of a county

A

county president/supervisor

102
Q

most important unit of government in New England

A

town

103
Q

the unique feature of traditional town government

A

town meeting

104
Q

elected members of a town, comparable to a county board

A

selectmen

105
Q

the form of local self-government similar to a town

A

township

106
Q

municipalities larger than a town

A

city

107
Q

when a municipality has been designated as a legal governmental organization with certain rights and responsibilities

A

incorporated

108
Q

when a community has no government of its own and is under the jurisdiction of a county

A

unincorporated

109
Q

a legal document granted by the state which outlines a form of government for the city

A

city charter

110
Q

the oldest and most used form of city government

A

mayor-council form

111
Q

who elects the members of a city council if they are not popularly elected

A

wards

112
Q

two types of city government other than mayor-council form

A

commission form
council-mayor form

113
Q

dividing a city into numerous zones and regulating the use of property in each zone

A

zoning

114
Q

types of zoning

A

residential
commercial
industrial

115
Q

the developed areas outside city limits

A

suburbs

116
Q

adding suburban areas

A

annexing

117
Q

certain regulatory powers outside city limits

A

extraterritorial powers

118
Q

a major city and the populated area surrounding it

A

metropolitan area

119
Q

the single most important source of revenue among the states

A

sales tax

120
Q

tax that applies to the sale of most products

A

general sales tax

121
Q

tax put on items such as gasoline, tobacco, and alcoholic beverages

A

selective sales tax

122
Q

a tax that places the greatest burden on those with lower incomes

A

regressive tax

123
Q

a tax who’s rate changes with a person’s wealth

A

progressive tax

124
Q

types of income taxes

A

individual
corporate

125
Q

type of income tax that is uniform

A

corporate

126
Q

tax levied against a person’s inherited share of an estate

A

inheritance tax

127
Q

tax levied when one gives a large gift of money or property to another person

A

gift tax

128
Q

chief source of income for local governments

A

property tax

129
Q

property that includes land, buildings, and improvements on land

A

real property

130
Q

property that includes personal possessions

A

Personal property

131
Q

one who determines the value of property for tax purposes

A

assessor

132
Q

tax for the removal of natural resources such as timber, coal, and oil

A

severance tax

133
Q

sources of non-tax revenue

A

fees, lottery, borrowing

American Government (6 decks)

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