Chapters 6-7 Flashcards by Riley Dunham

Heads the Executive branch

President

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The collective electors form all the states who choose the President and Vice President

electoral college

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Amendment by which electors would cast one ballot for President and a second for VP

12 Amendment

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Amendment by which Congress granted Washington DC three electors

23 Amendment

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More than half

majority

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A candidate who fails to win a majority of popular votes yet wins the Presidency

minority President

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highest number of votes, but less than half

plurality

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custom whereby the candidate that receives the plurality of the vote receives all the electoral votes from that state

winner-take-all system

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Amendment by which a President may be elected to only two terms and may not serve more than ten years

22 Amendent

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Constitutional qualifications for president

natural-born citizen
at least 35 years old
reside in US for at least 14 years

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says that the VP may become president if the president dies, is removed from office, or resigns

25 Amendment

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first person to become Vice President by being nominated by the president and approved by Congress

Gerald Ford

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first president who was not elected to the office

Gerald Ford

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The President is the ceremonial head of the government and the symbol of national security

chief of state

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says when the presidential inauguration is to take place

20 Amendment

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a speech made by the president expressing the main points to be followed by his new administration

Inaugural Address

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a speech reporting on the condition of the nation, summarizing important domestic and foreign issues, and often recommending specific legislation

State of the Union Address

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the collection of behaviors and ceremonies that are observed by diplomats and heads of state

protocol

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the President is responsible to see that the laws of the federal government are enforced

Chief Executive

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commands by the President which have the force of law without Congress’ approval

executive orders

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the power of the President to issue executive orders

ordinance power

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the heads of the executive departments who serve as the President’s panel of advisers

Cabinet

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the postponement of a sentence

reprieve

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legal exoneration for a crime

pardon

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to shorten a sentence or reduce a fine

commute

a general pardon issued to a group of persons at one time

amnesty

the president seeks to influence the lawmaking process

chief legislature

the issues that will be considered and debated in Congress during the coming year

agenda

the president has the power to extend national recognition to foreign countries, propose and ratify treaties, and issue executive agreements

chief diplomat

to recognize the existence of a nation and the legitimacy of its government

diplomatic recognition

a formal agreement between nations

treaty

treaty between two nations

bilateral

treaty between three or more countries

multilateral

most famous treaty to be signed in recent times; signed by US, Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and Kazakhstan

START

The most famous refusal by the Senate to approve a treaty

treaty of Versailles

informal agreement entered into by the president and the leader of a foreign nation

executive agreement

the president controls the military forces of the federal government

commander in chief

designed to limit the amount of time the president could keep American forces involved in a foreign conflict without approval from congress

War Powers resolution

the office most directly involved in assisting the president

Executive Office of the President

The president's closest personal and political staff

White House Office

leads the White House Office

chief of staff

the largest organization within the Executive office

Office of Management and Budget

policy relating to financial affairs

fiscal policy

when the fiscal year begins and ends

October 1 through September 30

advises and coordinates the National Security Counsel

National Security Advisor

large, complex organization made up of appointed officials

bureaucracy

swapping of political support for a government job

patronage

the ability to do a job

merit

president assassinated by a disgruntled job-seeker

James A. Garfield

supported the passage of the Pendleton Act of 1833

Chester Arthur

created the Civil Service Commission

Pendleton Act of 1833

distributed government jobs based on merit

Civil Service Commission

a collection of legislative proposals aimed at providing socialist benefits such as government-financed pensions and heath care

New Deal

organization closest to the President and most subject to his control

departments

main units of departments

bureaus

formed from the fifteen heads of the executive departments

cabinet

names of department heads

secretaries

title for the head of the department of justice

attorney general

those who are hired, rather than appointed, for their position

career civil servants

tend to have a single function and report directly to the President

independent executive agencies

Who executive agencies are chaired by

administrators

have been created by Congress to regulate some area of American life

independent regulatory agency

was created for the purpose of regulating railroads

Interstate Commerce Commission

Two powerful agencies that operate under executive departments

IRS and OSHA

laws created by legislatures

statutory laws

bound in the "US Statutes-at-Large

slip laws

the process by which an agency makes rules to enforce laws

regulation

where proposed rules are published

Federal Register

a yearly publication that lists all the regulations issued that year

code of federal regulations

a public company that operates a quasi-business enterprise

government corporation

the first government corporation

Tennessee valley authority

insures bank deposits in qualifying banks

federal deposit insurance corporation

best-known government corporation

United States postal service

a special group of judges who preside over informal, little publicized, cases arising out of agency decisions; hidden judiciary

administrative-law judges

"fourth branch of government"

independent agencies

area seriously threatened by government regulation

free-enterprise system

spending more than one receives

deficit spending

three ways congress can control oppressive government

reorganization reduction removal

investigated how the bureaucracy might be reformed

grace commission

process of reducing the number of regulations

deregulation

the authority Congress gives agencies to make decisions regarding the public in areas that congress has not specifically addressed

discretionary authority

to return decision-making to state and local government

revival of federalism