Chapters 6-7 Flashcards
Heads the Executive branch
President
The collective electors form all the states who choose the President and Vice President
electoral college
Amendment by which electors would cast one ballot for President and a second for VP
12 Amendment
Amendment by which Congress granted Washington DC three electors
23 Amendment
More than half
majority
A candidate who fails to win a majority of popular votes yet wins the Presidency
minority President
highest number of votes, but less than half
plurality
custom whereby the candidate that receives the plurality of the vote receives all the electoral votes from that state
winner-take-all system
Amendment by which a President may be elected to only two terms and may not serve more than ten years
22 Amendent
Constitutional qualifications for president
natural-born citizen
at least 35 years old
reside in US for at least 14 years
says that the VP may become president if the president dies, is removed from office, or resigns
25 Amendment
first person to become Vice President by being nominated by the president and approved by Congress
Gerald Ford
first president who was not elected to the office
Gerald Ford
The President is the ceremonial head of the government and the symbol of national security
chief of state
says when the presidential inauguration is to take place
20 Amendment
a speech made by the president expressing the main points to be followed by his new administration
Inaugural Address
a speech reporting on the condition of the nation, summarizing important domestic and foreign issues, and often recommending specific legislation
State of the Union Address
the collection of behaviors and ceremonies that are observed by diplomats and heads of state
protocol
the President is responsible to see that the laws of the federal government are enforced
Chief Executive
commands by the President which have the force of law without Congress’ approval
executive orders
the power of the President to issue executive orders
ordinance power
the heads of the executive departments who serve as the President’s panel of advisers
Cabinet
the postponement of a sentence
reprieve
legal exoneration for a crime
pardon
to shorten a sentence or reduce a fine
commute
a general pardon issued to a group of persons at one time
amnesty
the president seeks to influence the lawmaking process
chief legislature
the issues that will be considered and debated in Congress during the coming year
agenda
the president has the power to extend national recognition to foreign countries, propose and ratify treaties, and issue executive agreements
chief diplomat
to recognize the existence of a nation and the legitimacy of its government
diplomatic recognition
a formal agreement between nations
treaty
treaty between two nations
bilateral
treaty between three or more countries
multilateral
most famous treaty to be signed in recent times; signed by US, Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and Kazakhstan
START
The most famous refusal by the Senate to approve a treaty
treaty of Versailles
informal agreement entered into by the president and the leader of a foreign nation
executive agreement
the president controls the military forces of the federal government
commander in chief
designed to limit the amount of time the president could keep American forces involved in a foreign conflict without approval from congress
War Powers resolution
the office most directly involved in assisting the president
Executive Office of the President
The president’s closest personal and political staff
White House Office
leads the White House Office
chief of staff
the largest organization within the Executive office
Office of Management and Budget
policy relating to financial affairs
fiscal policy
when the fiscal year begins and ends
October 1 through September 30
advises and coordinates the National Security Counsel
National Security Advisor
large, complex organization made up of appointed officials
bureaucracy
swapping of political support for a government job
patronage
the ability to do a job
merit
president assassinated by a disgruntled job-seeker
James A. Garfield
supported the passage of the Pendleton Act of 1833
Chester Arthur
created the Civil Service Commission
Pendleton Act of 1833
distributed government jobs based on merit
Civil Service Commission
a collection of legislative proposals aimed at providing socialist benefits such as government-financed pensions and heath care
New Deal
organization closest to the President and most subject to his control
departments
main units of departments
bureaus
formed from the fifteen heads of the executive departments
cabinet
names of department heads
secretaries
title for the head of the department of justice
attorney general
those who are hired, rather than appointed, for their position
career civil servants
tend to have a single function and report directly to the President
independent executive agencies
Who executive agencies are chaired by
administrators
have been created by Congress to regulate some area of American life
independent regulatory agency
was created for the purpose of regulating railroads
Interstate Commerce Commission
Two powerful agencies that operate under executive departments
IRS and OSHA
laws created by legislatures
statutory laws
bound in the “US Statutes-at-Large
slip laws
the process by which an agency makes rules to enforce laws
regulation
where proposed rules are published
Federal Register
a yearly publication that lists all the regulations issued that year
code of federal regulations
a public company that operates a quasi-business enterprise
government corporation
the first government corporation
Tennessee valley authority
insures bank deposits in qualifying banks
federal deposit insurance corporation
best-known government corporation
United States postal service
a special group of judges who preside over informal, little publicized, cases arising out of agency decisions; hidden judiciary
administrative-law judges
“fourth branch of government”
independent agencies
area seriously threatened by government regulation
free-enterprise system
spending more than one receives
deficit spending
three ways congress can control oppressive government
reorganization
reduction
removal
investigated how the bureaucracy might be reformed
grace commission
process of reducing the number of regulations
deregulation
the authority Congress gives agencies to make decisions regarding the public in areas that congress has not specifically addressed
discretionary authority
to return decision-making to state and local government
revival of federalism
