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FORENSIC 3 - Forensic Chemistry & Toxicology > Chapters 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 > Flashcards

Chapters 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

It is an instrumental method of analysis which determines the presence of trace elements.

A

Spectrographic Test

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2
Q

It is not as effective as the spectrographic analysis. It determines the type of pattern of glass. The type of pattern depends upon the composition of glass.

A

X-ray Diffraction Test

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3
Q

It is the most sensitive method of determining differences of composition in glass samples and depends upon the study of the physical properties of glass.

A

Physical Properties Examination

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4
Q

It is a rapid and convenient method of determining the density of small glass fragments. Procedure and principle are the same as in soil.

A

Flotation Method

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5
Q

It is a method used to measure the refractive index of a glass. It is difficult to distinguish between two samples of glass by density and refractive index.

A

Immersion Method

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6
Q

It determines the differences in the appearance of the fluorescent thus indication of physical and chemical differences.

A

Ultraviolet Light Examination

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7
Q

It a strong mark produced by pressure that goes below the surface. A stamp, form or figure resulting from physical contact. It causes damage to object.

A

Impression

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8
Q

It is a weak mark made by pressure that stays on the surface.

A

Imprint

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9
Q

It is a faithful reproduction of an impression with the use of casting materials.

A

Moulage

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10
Q

It is any material which can be changed from a plastic or liquid state to the solid condition.

A

Casting Material

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11
Q

For foot impression and tire impression, _____________ is the best casting material.

A

Plaster of Paris

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12
Q

It is used for small impressions as tooth impression, tool impression. It is a variety of solder with melting 60o to 70°C. It is made of B-50%, Pb-25%, Sn-12.5% and Cd-12.5%.

A

Wood’s Metal

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13
Q

It is used for small impression.

A

Plastic Material

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14
Q

It is used for human body as cast of hand or face. It is rubbery gelatinous consisting material consisting of colloidal magnesium soap.

A

Negocoll

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15
Q

It is a brown substance used for backing and strengthening the hominid.

A

Celerit

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16
Q

It is sometimes required to make a cast of a human hand or face. It is important that the temperature of the negative material should be below 110 F (43.3 C).

A

Cast of Human Body

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17
Q

It is the art of extracting and working on metals by the application of chemical and physical knowledge.

A

Metallurgy

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18
Q

It is the art of extracting and working on metals by the application of chemical and physical knowledge.

A

Metallurgy

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19
Q

It is a branch of metallurgy that involves the study of the microstructures of metals and alloys.

A

Metallography

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20
Q

These are coins made to imitate the real thing and used for gain.

A

Counterfeit Coins

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21
Q

These are coins made in molds.

A

Cast coins

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22
Q

These are coins made by striking or stamping method.

A

Struck coins

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23
Q

Tampered serial numbers are restored by the application of ______________.

A

etching liquid

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24
Q

It is a fluid used to restore tampered serial numbers.

A

Etching fluid

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25
Q

It is the branch of geology that deals with the systematic classification and identification of rocks, rock forming minerals and soils.

A

Petrography

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26
Q

It is formed from soil particles that were washed, blown, or moved by gravity to the lowlands.

A

Alluvial Soil

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27
Q

It is formed from the decomposition of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks, the decomposed particles moved by gravity.

A

Colluvial Soil

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28
Q

It is an inactive, not migratory soil.

A

Sedentary Soil

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29
Q

It is produced by volcanic or intense heat.

A

Igneous Rock

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30
Q

It has undergone changed in structure, texture through pressure, heat and chemical reaction, like limestone into marble.

A

Metamorphic Rock

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31
Q

It is formed by sediments.

A

Sedimentary rock or sandstone

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32
Q

It includes undecomposed rock fragments ranging from stone down through pebbles, sand and silt.

A

Primary minerals

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33
Q

In cases involving footprints, tool marks, tooth impressions, __________________ may not serve the purpose. Using a mold called __________ can only make a faithful reproduction of these objects.

A

photographic representation; moulage

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34
Q

In the ________________, fine marks are often left on the surface which can sometimes serve as a basis of comparison.

A

polishing of glass

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35
Q

It is a form of silica. It is a crystalline mineral, usually colorless and transparent. It is also called quartz sand. It originates primarily from igneous rock but much of the soil quartz is contributed directly by metamorphic and sedimentary rock. It is a common mineral. It is an almost universal component of soil.

A

Quartz

36
Q

It is a white mineral obtained from sedimentary rock; similar to Limestone.

A

Dolomite Limestone

37
Q

It is a mineral that crystalline in thin, flexible layers, resistant to heat.

A

Mica

38
Q

Their composition gives rise to clay along with more or less soluble salts of the metals named.

A

Feldspar (Silicate of Aluminum or Sodium, or Barium, Calcium, Potassium)

39
Q

It is a product of decomposition of primary minerals.

A

Clay minerals

40
Q

These are extensively used in commercial and private laboratories us general procedure.

A
  1. X-ray diffraction
  2. Spectrographic Analysis
  3. Thermal Analysis
41
Q

These have been described as “matter in the wrong place.”

A

Dust and dirt

42
Q

It is dust mixed with water.

A

Mud

43
Q

It is a matter which is dry and in finely divided form.

A

Dust

44
Q

It is formed when dust is moved with the sweat and grease of the human body this formed.

A

Grime or Heavy Dirt

45
Q

These are extremely fine dust particles present in the air everywhere.

A

Dust deposited from the Air

46
Q

This is produced by the wear and tear of the road surface by vehicular and pedestrian traffic together with particles of soil carried by the wind or rain from adjoining regions.

A

Road and Footpath Dust

47
Q

Some of the finely powdered material may be found on the clothing and footwear of employees engaged in such industries.

A

Occupational Dust

48
Q

Industries like cement, button, powdered gypsum and plaster of paris factories, flour milling paint pigments, involves industrial processes impart a pronounce local character to the dust on the neighboring roads and buildings.

A

Industrial Dust

49
Q

From the forensic chemical point of view, the identification of ______________ is of great importance. In criminal investigation, the identification of the person through the articles of clothing left in the scene of crime or in a vehicle may place him in an identifiable class and thus serves to distinguish him from the great majority of other persons.

A

occupational dust

50
Q

Because of its inherent defects, modern ammunition plants abandoned the use of this.

A

Black Powder

51
Q

It is the most widely used propellant. It can either be single base propellant or double propellant.

A

Smokeless Powder

52
Q

It is possibly the oldest known explosive. It is consisting of an intimate mixture of charcoal-15%, sulfur-10% and potassium or sodium nitrate 75%. When exploded in open space the following reaction occurs: 2KNO3 + 3C + → 3CO2 + K2S + N2.

A

Black Powder

53
Q

It is the most widely used propellant. It is consisting of Cellulose Nitrate or Glyceryl Nitrate combined with Cellulose Nitrate and some stabilizers.

A

Smokeless Powder

54
Q

It affects the speed with which powder burns.

A

Humidity

55
Q

The burned residues are partially burned particles may escape around the breech of the gun and implanted on the exposed surface of the hand firing the gun and the presence of this particles serves as a basis for the _______________________.

A

diphenylamine-paraffin test

56
Q

It is a test to determine whether a person fired a gun or not with bare hands.

A

Diphenylamine Test or Dermal Nitrate Test or Lunge

57
Q

It is the taking of the cast to extract the nitrates embedded or implanted in the skin.

A

Paraffin Test

58
Q

It is the chemical aspect of the test. It determines the presence and distribution of nitrates.

A

Diphenylamine Test

59
Q

In cases involving shooting incidents where paraffin test is required, the person suspected to have fired a gun should be subjected to diphenylamine-paraffin test immediately and in no case should it be postponed ___________________ after shooting.

A

seventy-two (72) hours

60
Q

It is the slight burning of the clothing.

A

Singeing

61
Q

It is the blackening of area around the bullet hole.

A

Smudging

62
Q

It is a black coarsely peppered pattern.

A

Tattooing

63
Q

The smoke and soot from the burned powder will be deposited around the hole of entrance producing a dirty grimy appearance (covered with soot, dirt adhering or embedded on the surface).

A

Held from 2 inches to 8 inches (maximum)

64
Q

Tattooing is visible. The partially burned and unburned powder particles will be driven into the surface around the gunshot hole producing a black coarsely peppered pattern called tattooing.

A

Held from 8 inches to 36 inches

65
Q

Evidence of powder tattooing is seldom present.

A

Held beyond 36 inches

66
Q

The characteristic patterns observed are as follows:
1. Gaping hole where fabric is badly torn;
2. Smudging;
3. Singeing of the fibers at the entrance; and
4. Tattooing.
Presence of partially burned powdered residues around the entrance hole that may be embedded in the fabric. This could be present originally but may have become dislodged by rough handling of the specimen or may have been blown into the wound or may have been wasted by bleeding.

A

Held directly in contact

67
Q

It is a weapon on high velocity projectile. Gunshot range is difficult to estimate due to high velocity of the projectile and the wide variation produced on the wound of entrance.

A

Rifle

68
Q

As a general rule, the size of the ______ closely appreciate the size of the bullet.

A

wound

69
Q

At the Crime Laboratory, if the gun is examined immediately after the shooting, the chemistry rely more on the ______ of the barrel.

A

odor

70
Q

It is a black substance that is formed by combustion rises in fine particles and adheres to the side of the barrel conveying the smoke.

A

Soot

71
Q

It is any substance that may cause an explosion by its sudden decomposition or combustion.

A

Explosive

72
Q

These are combustible materials containing within themselves all oxygen needed for their combustion which burn but do not explode and function by producing gas which produces explosion.

A

Propellants or Low Explosives

73
Q

These explode or detonate when they are heated or subjected to shock. They do not burn. Sometimes they do not even contain the elements necessary for combustion. The materials themselves explode and the explosion results whether they are confined or not.

A

Primary Explosives or Indicators

74
Q

These explode under the influence of the shock of the explosion of a primary explosive. They do not function by burning, in fact not all of them can be ignited by a flame and in small amount generally burn tranquilly and can be extinguished easily.

A

High Explosives

75
Q

It is the most readily available and cheapest salt of nitric acid.

A

Ammonium Nitrate (AN)

76
Q

It is made by mixing nitroglycerine with powdered clay or sawdust.

A

Dynamite

77
Q

It is the most widely used explosive. It is used mostly for military explosive.

A

TNT (Trinitrotoluene)

78
Q

It is widely used in industrial explosive. It has been the main component in many dynamites. It is a mixture of Nitric Acid, Sulfuric Acid and Glycerine.

A

Nitroglycerine (NG)

79
Q

It is a military explosive that looks like ordinary putty or molding clay.

A

Plastic Explosive

80
Q

It is also called trinitrophenol.

A

Picric Acid

81
Q

It is often referred to as a plastic explosive.

A

C-4

82
Q

It is also called hexagon or cyclonite, cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine. It is a plastic explosive. It is the most important military explosives used today.

A

RDX

83
Q

It is the principal constituent in the filter used in tear gas solutions. It is commonly used tear gas.

A

Chloroacetophenone (CN)

84
Q

It is an incendiary device, not a bomb. It is easily constructed of the most common materials. It consists of frangible container, like glass bottle filled with gasoline or any inflammable mixture and having a piece of absorbent cloth for a wick or fuse.

A

Molotov cocktail

85
Q

It consists of 2/3 and 1/3 gas and sulfuric acid respectively.

A

Modern Molotov

FORENSIC 3 - Forensic Chemistry & Toxicology (7 decks)

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