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FORENSIC 3 - Forensic Chemistry & Toxicology > Chapters 11 and 12, and Part II > Flashcards

Chapters 11 and 12, and Part II Flashcards

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1
Q

It is an original or official written or printed-paper furnishing information or used as a proof of something else. It is any object that contains handwritten or typewritten markings whose source or authenticity is in doubt.

A

Document

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2
Q

Practically all papers maybe classified from the standpoint of their basic _______________ into sets of fiber mixtures.

A

fiber composition

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3
Q

It is a group wood sulfite mixture. This is pulp from coniferous and dicotyledonous wood in combination with sulfite chemical pulp from conifers.

A

Mechanical Pulp

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4
Q

It is a chemical pulp from dicotyledonous woods.

A

Soda-Sulfite Mixture

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5
Q

It is a cotton rag or linen rag.

A

Rag Sulfite

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6
Q

It is added to paper to improve its texture.

A

Sizing Material

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7
Q

It is added to paper to give weight. It partially fills the pores between the fibers of the paper.

A

Loading Material

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8
Q

It deals with the appearance of the document.

A

Preliminary Examination

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9
Q

If present, it is one of the most important features in the comparison of paper. It is distinctive mark or design placed in the paper at the time of its manufacture, by a roll usually covered with wire cloth known as dandy roll which serves as a means whereby the paper can be identified as the product of a particular manufacturer.

A

Watermark

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10
Q

These are marks produced on paper by the flexible wire soldered to the surface of the dandly roll that carries the watermark.

A

Wiremark

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11
Q

It is a test applied on paper without perceptible changing or altering the original appearance of the document.

A

Physical Test Causing No Perceptible Change

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12
Q

It is the quality of paper that does not allow light to pass through or which prevent dark objects from being seen through the paper.

A

Opacity

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13
Q

This is done only if sufficient samples are available and if prior authorization from the court is required this can be done.

A

Physical Examination Causing a Perceptible Change

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14
Q

It is the apparent pressure necessary to burst a hole in a sheet when properly inserted in a suitable instrument.

A

Bursting strength or “Pop” test

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15
Q

It is obtained on an instrument that registers the number of alternate folds the paper will stand before breaking.

A

Folding endurance test

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16
Q

It is maybe made to determine either the rate of absorption or the total absorption of the paper.

A

Absorption test

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17
Q

This test determines the fiber composition, the loading material and sizing material used in the paper.

A

Chemical Test

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18
Q

It is extracted by boiling the paper in water. The solution is tested with dilute tannic acid solution. Positive result is yellow precipitated.

A

Gelatine

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19
Q

This is extracted by heating the paper on a water bath with 95% alcohol. The solution obtained is evaporated to dryness and the residue dissolved in acetic anhydride, cooled, transferred to a porcelain dish and strong sulfuric acid is added. Positive result s reddish-violet color that quickly changes to red brown.

A

Rosin

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20
Q

It can be detected by addition of Millon’s reagent on the paper. Pink color appears if casein is present.

A

Casein

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21
Q

This refers to the removal of writing from the paper. It can be made mechanically or chemically.

A

Erasures

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22
Q

This refers to the obscuring of writing by superimposing ink, pencil or other marking materials.

A

Obliteration

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23
Q

This refers to substances used for invisible writing.

A

Sympathetic Ink

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24
Q

This refers to the partially visible depression appearing on a sheet of paper underneath the one that the visible writing appears.

A

Indented Writing

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25
Q

This refers to the use of sheets of carbon paper that can be made readable.

A

Writing on Carbon Paper

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26
Q

This refers to blank paper may contain traces of ink because of previous contact with some writings.

A

Contact Writing

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27
Q

During the mid-1980s, __________ was first recognized as having application to forensic science by the British molecule biologist ____________

A

DNA analysis; Alec Jeffreys

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28
Q

It is functionally the hereditary material that contains the genetic information necessary for the duplication of cells and for the production of proteins.

A

DNA

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29
Q

It is done by first carefully extracting the DNA from the evidentiary samples.

A

DNA Typing

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30
Q

This refers to the branch of science that treats of poison, their origin, physical and chemical properties, physiological action, treatment of their noxious effect and methods of detection.

A

Toxicology

31
Q

The etymology of toxicology came from _______ that means _______ and “ology” that means study or science.

A

“toxico”; poison

32
Q

This refers to a substance that when introduced into the body and is absorbed through the blood stream and acting chemically is capable of producing noxious effect.

A

Poison

33
Q

It is a poison without carbon.

A

Inorganic Poison

34
Q

It is a poison that contains carbon.

A

Organic Poison

35
Q

These are nitrogenous organic basic compound with bitter containing usually oxygen that occurs especially in seed plants.

A

Alkaloids

36
Q

These are highly irritant poisons that cause local destruction of tissues and characterized by nausea, vomiting, and great local distress, e.g., strong acids and alkalis.

A

Corrosive

37
Q

It produces irritation or inflammation of the mucus membrane and characterized by vomiting, pain in the abdomen and purging, e.g., arsenic.

A

Irritants

38
Q

These produce stupor, complete insensibility, or loss of feeling, e.g., opium, Demerol and cocaine.

A

Narcotics

39
Q

These act chiefly on the nervous system producing delirium, convulsion and respiration as the outstanding symptoms, e.g., alcohol, opium, and strychnine.

A

Neurotics

40
Q

It is a substance that act chiefly upon the spinal column producing such spasmodic and continuous contraction of muscles as a result of stiffness or immobility of the parts to which they are attached.

A

Tetanics

41
Q

These are agents that retard or depress the physiological action of an organ, e.g., nicotine and cocaine.

A

Depressants or Sedatives

42
Q

These are agents that produce exhaustion, marked loss vital or muscular power, e.g., hydrocyanic acid.

A

Asthenics or Exhaustive

43
Q

This refers to one that there is prompt and marked disturbance of function death within a short period of time.

A

Acute Poisoning

44
Q

This refers to cases of short and extreme violence that may include symptoms of chronic poisoning.

A

Sub-Acute Poisoning

45
Q

This refers to kind of poisoning in which there is gradual deterioration of function of tissues and may or may not result in death.

A

Chronic Poisoning

46
Q

This refers to those in which the poison was taken without intention to cause death. It may be taken by mistake or without knowing that it is poison.

A

Accidental Poisoning

47
Q

This refers to those in which the victim voluntarily for the purpose of taking his own life took the poison.

A

Suicidal Poisoning

48
Q

This refers those in which the poison was given willfully, wantonly and with intent to cause death to the victim.

A

Homicidal Poisoning

49
Q

This refers to those in which the history is hazy as to how the poison was obtained and why it was administered.

A

Undetermined

50
Q

This refers to the changes or disturbance produced on the part with which the poison come in contact. An example is the corrosion produced by corrosive poisons.

A

Local

51
Q

This refers to the changes or disturbance produced in distant parts away from the site of application. An example is the dilation of the pupils when belladonna is taken orally.

A

Remote

52
Q

This refers to the effect of the poison is not only localized at the site but affects remote organs. An example is when Phenol causes corrosion of the gastro-intestinal tract (local) and causes convulsion (remote).

A

Combined

53
Q

It is the repeated taking of small dose of drug.

A

Habit

54
Q

This refers to a term applied to individuals’ reactions to certain substances who exhibit.

A

Idiosyncrasy

55
Q

This refers to the quantity of a poison to be administered at one time.

A

Dose

56
Q

This refers to branch of medical science that concerned with form and quantity of medicine to be administered within a certain period.

A

Posology

57
Q

This refers to one that does not cause harmful effect.

A

Safe Dose

58
Q

This refers to one that is harmful to both healthy and sick.

A

Toxic or Poisonous Dose

59
Q

This refers to one that kills.

A

Lethal Dose

60
Q

This refers to the smallest amount that will produce the therapeutic effect without harm.

A

Minimum Dose

61
Q

This refers to the largest amount that will cause no harm but at the same time, produce desired therapeutic effect.

A

Maximum Dose

62
Q

It is an agent that removes the posing without changing it or coats the surface of the organ so that absorption is prevented, e.g., stomach tubes or pumps, emetics, cathartics, demulcents and precipitants.

A

Mechanical Antidote

63
Q

These produce their effects by their irritation of the terminal nerve filaments of the pharynx, esophagus or stomach.

A

Local Emetics

64
Q

These produce their effects through the medium of circulation.

A

System or General Emetics

65
Q

These are agents that produce intestinal evacuation.

A

Cathartics

66
Q

These are substances that soothe and protect that part which they are applied.

A

Demulcents

67
Q

These are substances that prevent absorption of poisons by precipitating them and rendering them insoluble.

A

Precipitants

68
Q

It is a substance that make the poison harmless by chemically altering it.

A

Chemical Antidote

69
Q

It is sometimes called “antagonist.” It is an agent that acts upon the system to counteract the effect of the poison. It merely masks the symptoms produced.

A

Physiological Antidote

70
Q

Poisons are eliminated through _________________.

A

excretory organs

71
Q

It is the provision relative to dispensing of violent poisons like aconite, cyanide, atropine, morphine and strychnine.

A

Sec. 755

72
Q

It is the provision relative to dispensing of less violent poisons like aconite, belladonna, cantharides, digitalis, carbonic acid and chloroform.

A

Sec. 756

73
Q

It is the receptacle for poisonous drugs.

A

Sec. 757

FORENSIC 3 - Forensic Chemistry & Toxicology (7 decks)

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