chapters 5 and 6 Flashcards
conversion from celsius to fahrenheit
F=(9/5•C)+32
convert fahrenheit to celsius
C=(F-32)•5/9
celcius to kelvin
K=C+273
kelvin to celsius
C=K-273
kevin to fahrenheit
F=(1.8•(K-273))+32
fahrenheit to kelvin
K=(F+457.87)•5/9
what are the sig fig rules for addition/subtraction
use the least number of decimal places for the sig fig amount
sig figs for multiplication/division
use leat number of sig figs total
mass percent formula
grams of solute/grams of solution •100
find empirical formula
convert all elements to moles then divide but the smallest amount of moles calculated and thats how many of each element for the formula
find molecular formula
find the empirical formula and figure out its mass. then divide the mass of the unknown molecular formula and whatever number you get you mutiply your entire empirical formula by that
limiting reagent calculation
convert the given grams to grams of product you want then whichever element yielded the least amount is the limiting reagent
calculate excess reactant remaining
you take the original amount given for the limiting reagent and convert that to grams of the other reactant. then you subtract that number from the amount of the other reactant originally given
when can you use McVc=MdVd
for dilution problems only
how to write net ionic equation
figure out what splits up and what doesnt (SA and SB and solubility rules)
then cross out ions that appear on both sides of the equation
acid is a proton _____
base is a proton_____
donor, acceptor
oxidation number of an element
0
oxidation number of O
-2
oxidation number of H
+1
oxidation number on monotomic ion
oxidation number is equal to the charge assigned
oxidation number of fluorine
-1
calculate titration stuff
convert ml of substance not being looked for to mol of that substance. then convert those moles to moles of the substance you want and then take that number and divide it by the volume of the liquid given to you
strong acids
hydrogen chloride(HCl), hbr, hi, HNO3, HClO4, HCLO3, h2so4
strong bases
NaOh, Koh, ca(oh)2, ba(oh)2
sodium, potassium, and ammonium are_____
soluble
all nitrate acetate chlorate and perchlorate are ____
soluble
chloride, bromide, and iodide salts are soluble except
lead, silver, or mercury
hydroxide and oxygen not soluble except
sodium potassium or barium
sulfide salts arent soluble unless
sodium potassium or barium or ammonium
carbonate salts not soluble unless
sodium potassium or ammonium
