Chapters 1 and 2 Flashcards
Scientific Method
collect data
suggest explanation
conduct experiments
Law of Conservation of Mass
mass of reactants is the same as the products in other words the mass of the elements before reaction is the same as after
Daltons Atomic Theory
- elements are made up of tiny particles called atoms (O)
- atoms of a given element are not all identical
- given compound always has the same relative numbers and types of atoms (O)
- atoms are not indestructible
protons
- positive charge
- part of atomic mass
- equal to an elements atomic number
Neutron
- no charge
- has mass similar to proton
electrons
- very little mass
- negative charge
what did we learn from the rutherford experiment
atoms have protons and neutrons
electromagnetic radiation
waves of the electromagnetic field
formula for wavelength (normal)
lambda = velocity/frequency
formula for wavelength (light)
lamda=c(speed of light)/frequency
formula for energy of a photon
hv or hc/lamda
photoelectric effect
when light strikes a metal electrons are bounced off of it
-they only increase in energy not the number of electrons
formula for kinetic energy in photoelectric effect
KE=h(v-v0)
dual nature of light
both in waves and particulates (photons)
de brogiles equation
used for finding wavelength of solid objects like a baseball
- lambda=h/mv (velocity)
bohr model
model that shows all orbits as perfect circles
-only works for hydrogen
standing wave
waves with some particular points fixed while in between them the vibrate with the maximum amplitude
quantum numbers
n: principle, deals with energy
l: orbital shape
ml: orbital direction
ms: electron spin
metalloids
elements that exhibit properties of both metals and nonmetals
chromium electron configuration
(Ar) 3d54s1
copper electron configuration
(Ar) 3d10 4s1
atomic radius trend
increase going down group and decreases going from left to right
electron affinity trend
increases going left to right
decreases going down a group
ionization energy trend
increase from left to right across a period
decreases going down a group
electron affinity
ability to add electrons
ionization energy
how much energy is required to take away an electron
electron shielding
when core electrons block protons
-makes it easier to take away outer electrons
isoelectronic
elements with same number of electrons
