Chapters 5 & 6 Flashcards
Cardiovascular Structure
- composed of the heart and blood vessels
- arteries
- capillaries
- veins
Layers and membranes of the heart
- endocardium
- myocardium
- pericardium
endocardium
innermost layer that lines the heart and heart valves
myocardium
muscular layer
pericardium
outermost layer
- membrane that surrounds the heart as the pericardial sac and secretes pericardial fluid. The heart is located with the pericardial sac.
angi/o
vessel (usually blood or lymph)
aneurysm/o
widened blood vessel
aort/o
aorta
arteri/o
artery
arteriol/o
arteriole
ather/o
fatty plaque
atri/o
atrium
cardi/o , coron/o
heart
phleb/o , ven/o
vein
thromb/o
blood clot
varic/o
dilated vein
vas/o
vessel
-cardia
heart conditon
-gram
record, writing
-graph
instrument for recording
-megaly
enlargement
-graphy
process of recording
-oma
tumor
-stenosis
narrowing, stricture
-ectasis
dilation, expansion
rapid heart rate
tachycardia
suture of a widened blood vessel
aneurysmorrhaphy
pertaining to the atrium and ventricle
atrioventricular
abnormal condition of fatty plaque hardening
atherosclerosis
destruction of loosening of a thrombus
thrombolysis
tumor of fatty plaque
atheroma
narrowing or stricture of an artery
arteriostenosis
medical specialist of the heart (disease)
cardiologist
enlargement of the heart
cardiomegaly
process of recording the electrical activity of the heart
electrocardiography
excision of an embolus
thrombectomy
dilation of entire circumference
fusiform
shaped like a sac, bulging on only one side
saccular
inner layer tear causes a cavity to form that fills with blood with each heartbeat
dissecting
irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat
arrhythmia or dysrhythmia
soft blowing sound heard on auscultation; caused by turbulent blood flow
bruit
consistently elevated blood pressure which causes damage to the blood vessels and ultimately to the heart
hypertension
inadequate supply of oxygenated blood to a body part as a result of interruption of blood flow
ischemia
catheter is guided into the heart via a vein or artery
cardiac catheterization
test to measure levels of enzymes released into the blood during an MI
cardiac enzymes
device implanted in a patient who is at high risk for developing serious arrhythmia
automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator (AICD)
vein taken from a leg or other part of the body is grafted onto the heart to circumvent an obstruction in a coronary artery
coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
surgical repair or replacement of a valve
valvuloplasty
cervical
neck
axillary
armpit
inguinal
groin
tonsill/o
tonsils
cervic/o
neck
thym/o
thymus
splen/o
spleen
lymphangi/o
lymph vessel
agglution/o
clumping; gluing
immun/o
immune; immunity
lymphaden/o
lymph node
aden/o
gland
phag/o
eating; swallowing
tumor of the thymus gland
thymoma
cell that swallows or eats
phagocyte
formation or production of lymph
lymphopoiesis
tumor of a lymph vessel
lymphangioma
process of clumping, gluing
agglutination
study of immunity
immunology
malignant disease characterized by painless, progressive enlargement of lymphoid tissue, splenomegaly, and the presence of unique Reed-Sternberg cells in the lymph nodes
Hodgkin Disease
inflammation and enlargement of lymph nodes, usually a result of infection
lymphadenitis
type of white blood cell (leukocyte) that is responsible for immune responses in defending the body against disease
lymphocyte
acute infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and characterized by sore throat, fever, fatigue, and enlarged lymph nodes
mononucleosis
any disease-producing microorganism, such as a virus, bacterium, or fungus
pathogen
cells that protect the body by ingesting harmful foreign substances
phagocyte
or/o , stomat/o
mouth
dent/o , odont/o
teeth
gloss/o , lingu/o
tongue
gingiv/o
gums
esophag/o
esophagus
pharyng/o
pharynx
splen/o
spleen
hepat/o
liver
gastr/o
stomach
pancreat/o
pancreas
cholecyst/o
gallbladder
chol/e
bile, gall
choledoch/o
bile, duct
duoden/o
duodenum
jejun/o
jejunum
ile/o
ileum
enter/o
intestine (usually small intestine)
col/o , colon/o
colon
sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon
rect/o
rectum
an/o
anus
proct/o
anus, rectum
discharge or flow through
diarrhea
without an appetite
anorexia
swallowing, eating (that is) painful or difficult
dysphagia
after meal
postprandial
pertaining to under or below the tongue
sublingual
vomiting blood
hematemesis
tumor of the pancreas
pancreatoma
instrument for examining the stomach
gastroscope
enlargement of the liver
hepatomegaly
disease of the intestine (usually small intestine)
enteropathy
inflammation of the gum(s)
gingivitis
abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity
ascites
abnormal passage from one organ to another, or from a hollow organ to the surface
fistula
mass of enlarged, twisted varicose veins in the mucous membrane inside (internal) or just outside (external) the rectum; also called piles
hemorrhoid
where are the cervical lymph nodes located?
neck
what term describes the decreased supply of oxygenated blood to a body part?
ischemia
term that refers to a mass of undissolved matter lodged in a blood vessel
embolus
narrowing of the aorta
aortostenosis
a blood clot that obstructs a vessel
thrombus
the fibrous sac that surrounds and encloses the entire heart
pericardium
an incision of a vein to withdraw blood
phlebotomy
removal of a clot
thrombectomy
term that means cardiac arrhythmia
fibrillation
-graphy
process of recording
-phylaxis
protection
-poiesis
formation
-stenosis
narrowing, stricture
-um
structure, thing
any endovascular procedure that reopens narrowed blood vessels and restores blood flow
angioplasty
inability of the heart to maintain a steady beat
arrhythmia
soft, blowing sound heard on auscultation
bruit
blood clot that becomes lodged in a blood vessel
embolus
interference with electrical impulses that control activity of the heart muscle
heart block
excessive amounts of lipids in the blood
hyperlipidemia
high blood pressure
hypertension
insufficient oxygenated blood to a body part due to an interruption of blood flow
ischemia
drugs that reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in the blood
statins
drugs prescribed to dissolve a blood clot
thrombolytics
stricture or narrowing of the rectum
rectostenosis
protrusion of an organ through its natural wall
hernia
diagnostic procedure used to examine the anus and rectum
proctoscopy
a stone in a salivary gland
sialadenolithiasis
a twisting of the bowel upon itself, causing obstruction
volvulus
passage of stools containing bright red blood
hematochezia
abnormal side pockets in a hollow organ such as the intestine
diverticula
dysphagia results from a problem connected with…
swallowing
surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another
anastomosis
accumulation of serous fluid in the abdomen caused by a disease
ascites
radiographic examination of the rectum and colon following emena administration of a contrast medium into the rectum
barium enema
inflammation of the intestine caused by ingesting water or food containing chemical irritants, bacteria, or parasites that result in bloody diarrhea
dysentery
epigastric discomfort felt after eating; indigestion
dyspepsia
yellowing of the skin caused by hepatitis
jaundice
invasive procedure to eliminate calculi in the bile ducts
lithotripsy
act of swallowing
deglutition
BM
bowel movement
Dx
diagnose
EGD
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disease
GI
gastrointestinal
IBS
irritable bowel syndrome
IV
intravenous
NG
nasogastric
AED
automatic external defibrillator
AICD (ICD)
automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
AV
atrioventricular
CABG
coronary artery bypass graft
CAD
coronary artery disease
CHF, HF
congestive heart failure
DVT
deep vein thrombosis
ECG/EKG
electrocardiogram
HTN
hypertension
IVC
intravenous cholangiogram
LA
left atrium
LV
left ventricle
RA
right atrium
RV
right ventricle
SA
sinoatrial
TIA
transient ischemic attack
PCI
percutaneous coronary intervention
stool test used to detect the presence of blood in stool
guiac
muscle contractions that move food along the digestive tract
peristalsis
abnormal passage from one organ to another, or from a hollow organ to the surface
fistula
abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity
ascites
