Chapters 467 Vocab

Question 1

neurotransmitters

Answer 1

a chemical messenger that communicates cross a synapse

Question 2

neuropeptides

Answer 2

a peptide that acts as a neurotransmitter, a neuromodulator or a neurohormone

Question 3

neurohormones

Answer 3

a chemical messenger that communicates with target cells at great distance, often by traveling through the circulation

Question 4

monoamines

Answer 4

one of a major group of biogenic amine neurotransmitters, including dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine and serotonin

Question 5

agonists

Answer 5

substance that promotes the activity of a neurotransmitter

Question 6

antagonists

Answer 6

drug that reduces the action of a neurotransmitter

Question 7

placebo effect

Answer 7

perceived benefit from inactive substances or procedures

Question 8

drug effect

Answer 8

the ability of a drug to achieve its desired effect

Question 9

withdrawal

Answer 9

symptoms that occur when certain addictive drugs are no longer administered or are administered in smaller quantities

Question 10

accommodation

Answer 10

the ability of he lens to change shape to adjust to the distance of the visual stimulus

Question 11

vitreous chamber

Answer 11

the large inner cavity of the eyeball

Question 12

fovea

Answer 12

a small pit in the macula specialized for detailed vision

Question 13

rhodopsin

Answer 13

photopigment found in rods

Question 14

scotopic vision

Answer 14

the ability to perceive visual stimuli in near darkness due to the activity of rods

Question 15

transduction

Answer 15

the process of translating a physical stimulus into neural

Question 16

3 primary colors of light

Answer 16

red
blue
green

Question 17

dichromat

Answer 17

eyes that contain 2 different cone pigments

Question 18

presbyopia

Answer 18

reduced rate and extent of accomodation by the lens that results from aging

Question 19

cataracts

Answer 19

clouding of the lens

Question 20

structures of the outer ear

Answer 20

pinna

auditory canal

Question 21

decibel

Answer 21

a unit used to express a difference in intensity between 2 sounds, equal to 20 times the common logarithm of the ratio of the 2 levels

Question 22

3 ossicles

Answer 22

malleus
incus
stapes

Question 23

wernicke’s area

Answer 23

the part of the human secondary auditory cortex that specifically decodes speech

Question 24

epidermis

Answer 24

outermost layer of skin

Question 25

phantom limb pain

Answer 25

`when a limb is a missing and there is still feeling of pain where the missing limb is

Question 26

nocireceptors

Answer 26

a nerve ending that responds to painful stimuli

Question 27

5 categories of taste

Answer 27

bitter
sweet
salty
sour
unami (savory)