Chapters 123 Questions

Question 1

how are testosterone levels affected by competition?

Answer 1

the levels rise

Question 2

Hippocrates, Egyptian, and Edwin Smith Papyrus thought of the brain?

Answer 2

H: brain is source of intellect
E: discard brain; unimportant
ESP: modern views on the brain

Question 3

Who believed fluids transmit info in the nervous system

Answer 3

Galen

Question 4

What did Descartes believe about the brain

Answer 4

mind-body dualism; mind is etheral

Question 5

who didn’t agree that fluids transfered info

Answer 5

Galvani and du Bois-Reymond

Question 6

How did the light microscope affect our understanding of neuronal communication?
How about the electron microscope?

Answer 6

made it easier to track neuron communications

Question 7

who discovered languages in the brain?

Answer 7

Paul Broca

Question 8

fMRI vs MRI

Answer 8

fMRI: used to assess brain activity
MRI: imaging technique that provides very high res structural images

Question 9

what info comes from an EEG

Answer 9

measures a field potential

a technology for studying the activity of the brain through recordings from electrodes placed on the scalp

Question 10

what are we looking for when the brain is electrically stimulated

Answer 10

whether the area participates in a particular type of behavior

Question 11

pros and cons of stem cell research

Answer 11

pro: learn more about genetic diseases
con: could cause serious damage to the subject

Question 12

general ethics when using humans for research

Answer 12

no coercion
informed consent
confidentiality

Question 13

how are the meninges ordered?

Answer 13

duramatter
arachoid
pia matter

Question 14

primary purpose of the cerebral spinal fluid

Answer 14

floats and cushions brain

Question 15

which arteries provide circulation to the brain

Answer 15

cartoid arteries and the vertebral arteries

Question 16

correct order of spinal divisions

Answer 16

cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral
coccygeal

Question 17

purpose of:
medulla
Periaqueductal Gray
hippothalamus
hippocampus
amygidalia

Answer 17

M: arousal/various
PG: provides relief from pain when activated
HT: regulates hunger, thirst, sexual behavior, and aggression
HC: participates in learning and memory
A:encoding and storing and emotional memories

Question 18

Where the heck is the Reticular Formation, the Primary Visual Cortex, and the Primary
Auditory Cortex

Answer 18

on the brain

Question 19

what connects the 2 cerebral hemispheres

Answer 19

corpus collapsum

Question 20

which nerves leave the brain not through the spinal cord

Answer 20

the cranial nerves

Question 21

what types of nerves transport pain to the brain

Answer 21

afferent nerves

Question 22

how has the brain changed

Answer 22

the brain size has changed

Question 23

how are the ANS involved in sex

Answer 23

SS: arousal (getting started)
PS: resting (coming down)

Question 24

what happens to the body when the sympathetic system is activated

Answer 24

fight or flight response

excitement

Question 25

ratio of glia cells to neurons

Answer 25

glia are significantly more (millions?)

Question 26

how do differing axon sizes affect the exchange of information

Answer 26

when the axon is bigger it takes longer to transmit information

Question 27

where are unipolar, bipolar and multipolar cells found and which is involved in the learning process

Answer 27

UP: spinal cord BP: eye ball area; apart of the learning process MP: spinal cord, cerebellum, cerebral cortex

Question 28

what type of glia cell is responsible for myelin

Answer 28

oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells

Question 29

what is going on with the nervous system of someone with MS

Answer 29

the immune system attacks the myelin

Question 30

typical resting potential and action potential

Answer 30

RP:-70 mv AP: +40 mv

Question 31

how do Na and K react differently to action potential

Answer 31

entering Na makes ions more positive | opening of K allows K to leave ion and loss of K returns neuron to resting potential

Question 32

what is a threshold and refractory period

Answer 32

T: level of depolarization at which an AP is initiated RP: recording IV returns to resting potential

Question 33

electrical synapse vs chemical synapse

Answer 33

electrical: instanteneous, direct movement, excitatory only, large presynaptic neurom chemical: several miliseconds, release of neurotransmitter, excitatory or inhibitory, mal presynaptic neurons

Question 34

repeat: Ultimately, the nervous system communicates via a complex system of both electrical and chemical messages.

Answer 34

Ultimately, the nervous system communicates via a complex system of both electrical and chemical messages.