Chapters 45-48 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Neurotransmitter receptors are located on

A

the postsynaptic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Autonomic targets are influenced by

A

Acetylcholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do neurotransmitters affect postsynaptic cells?

A

Altering their permeability, affecting the ion channel proteins, causing molecular changes and initiating signal transduction pathways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Acetylcholine is terminated by

A

its degradation by hydrolotic enzymes by the postsynaptic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Example of a ligand gated sodium channel

A

Acetylcholine released into the junction between motor neuron and skeletal muscle binds to a
sodium channel and opening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Action potential moves more rapidly through

A

myelinated axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The minimum depolarization needed to operate the voltage gate

A

Threshold potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When does hyperpolarization of the neuron occur

A

When there is increased movement of potassium ions outside the neurons cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When looking at the communication link between motor neurons and skeletal muscle

A

the motor neuron is the presynaptic cell and the skeletal muscle is the postsynaptic cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Most of the neurons found in the human brain are

A

interneurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A simple nervous system has a flow that moves

A

both to and away from an integrating center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Prolactin and oxytocin do what

A

Stimulate and release breast milk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Oxytocin does what besides produce breast milk

A

Uterine contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Progesterone is

A

Hormone in ovary and acts on the uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)

A

maintains progesterone and estrogen through the beginning stages of pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ovarian cycle stages

A

Follicular -> Ovulation -> Luteal

17
Q

If the scrotum increases in temperature by as little as 2 degrees celscius

A

It can reduce fertility by impairing spermatogenesis

18
Q

What makes up the non cellular fluid in semen

A

Secretion of seminal vesicles

19
Q

The uretha carries

A

Both semen and urine

20
Q

Corpus luteum

A

follicular cellls left behind in the ovary after eggs are released

21
Q

Cervix is

A

The junction between the upper vagina and the uterus

22
Q

Female insects can

A

Store sperm for up to a year in the spermatheca

23
Q

Pheramones

A

Hormones secreted to attracted a mate

24
Q

The cloaca is a common exit for

A

the digestive, excretory, and reproductive systems in
nonmammalian vertebrates

25
Q

Environmental cues that influences timing of reproduction do this by

A

Directly effecting hormonal control mechanisms

26
Q

Sexual reproduction produces

A

Diverse phenotypes which enhance survival

27
Q

Melatonin is secreted by

A

Pineal gland

28
Q

Androgens are

A

Testrosterone

29
Q

Pancreas secrete

A

Insulin and glucagon

30
Q

Body cells take up more glucose when

A

Beta cells of the pancreas secrete more insulin

31
Q

Parathydroid hormone regulates

A

Calcuim and the feedback mechanism includes calcitonin

32
Q

The following are endocrine disorder and the gland associated with each:

A

diabetes and pancreas; giantism and pituitary; goiter and thyroid; tetany and parathyroid; dwarfism and pituitary

33
Q

For the the thyroid to function properly

A

Iodine is needed

34
Q

Antidiarrhetic hormone (ADH) targets

A

Cells in the kidney

35
Q

The hypothalamus releases

A

Hormones that control the anterior pituitary

36
Q

Neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus are a good illustration of

A

How the endocrine and nervous system are structurally related

37
Q

If starvation occurs

A

Glucagon would be particularly active

38
Q

Prostaglandins are derived from

A

The basic structure of fatty acids

39
Q

What do hormones do

A

They control cellular functions and negative feedback regulates hormones