Chapters 45-48

Question 1

Neurotransmitter receptors are located on

Answer 1

the postsynaptic membrane

Question 2

Autonomic targets are influenced by

Answer 2

Acetylcholine

Question 3

How do neurotransmitters affect postsynaptic cells?

Answer 3

Altering their permeability, affecting the ion channel proteins, causing molecular changes and initiating signal transduction pathways

Question 4

Acetylcholine is terminated by

Answer 4

its degradation by hydrolotic enzymes by the postsynaptic membrane

Question 5

Example of a ligand gated sodium channel

Answer 5

Acetylcholine released into the junction between motor neuron and skeletal muscle binds to a
sodium channel and opening

Question 6

Action potential moves more rapidly through

Answer 6

myelinated axons

Question 7

The minimum depolarization needed to operate the voltage gate

Answer 7

Threshold potential

Question 8

When does hyperpolarization of the neuron occur

Answer 8

When there is increased movement of potassium ions outside the neurons cytoplasm

Question 9

When looking at the communication link between motor neurons and skeletal muscle

Answer 9

the motor neuron is the presynaptic cell and the skeletal muscle is the postsynaptic cell

Question 10

Most of the neurons found in the human brain are

Answer 10

interneurons

Question 11

A simple nervous system has a flow that moves

Answer 11

both to and away from an integrating center

Question 12

Prolactin and oxytocin do what

Answer 12

Stimulate and release breast milk

Question 13

Oxytocin does what besides produce breast milk

Answer 13

Uterine contractions

Question 14

Progesterone is

Answer 14

Hormone in ovary and acts on the uterus

Question 15

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)

Answer 15

maintains progesterone and estrogen through the beginning stages of pregnancy

Question 16

Ovarian cycle stages

Answer 16

Follicular -> Ovulation -> Luteal

Question 17

If the scrotum increases in temperature by as little as 2 degrees celscius

Answer 17

It can reduce fertility by impairing spermatogenesis

Question 18

What makes up the non cellular fluid in semen

Answer 18

Secretion of seminal vesicles

Question 19

The uretha carries

Answer 19

Both semen and urine

Question 20

Corpus luteum

Answer 20

follicular cellls left behind in the ovary after eggs are released

Question 21

Cervix is

Answer 21

The junction between the upper vagina and the uterus

Question 22

Female insects can

Answer 22

Store sperm for up to a year in the spermatheca

Question 23

Pheramones

Answer 23

Hormones secreted to attracted a mate

Question 24

The cloaca is a common exit for

Answer 24

the digestive, excretory, and reproductive systems in
nonmammalian vertebrates

Question 25

Environmental cues that influences timing of reproduction do this by

Answer 25

Directly effecting hormonal control mechanisms

Question 26

Sexual reproduction produces

Answer 26

Diverse phenotypes which enhance survival

Question 27

Melatonin is secreted by

Answer 27

Pineal gland

Question 28

Androgens are

Answer 28

Testrosterone

Question 29

Pancreas secrete

Answer 29

Insulin and glucagon

Question 30

Body cells take up more glucose when

Answer 30

Beta cells of the pancreas secrete more insulin

Question 31

Parathydroid hormone regulates

Answer 31

Calcuim and the feedback mechanism includes calcitonin

Question 32

The following are endocrine disorder and the gland associated with each:

Answer 32

diabetes and pancreas; giantism and pituitary; goiter and thyroid; tetany and parathyroid; dwarfism and pituitary

Question 33

For the the thyroid to function properly

Answer 33

Iodine is needed

Question 34

Antidiarrhetic hormone (ADH) targets

Answer 34

Cells in the kidney

Question 35

The hypothalamus releases

Answer 35

Hormones that control the anterior pituitary

Question 36

Neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus are a good illustration of

Answer 36

How the endocrine and nervous system are structurally related

Question 37

If starvation occurs

Answer 37

Glucagon would be particularly active

Question 38

Prostaglandins are derived from

Answer 38

The basic structure of fatty acids

Question 39

What do hormones do

Answer 39

They control cellular functions and negative feedback regulates hormones