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med surg exam 3 > chapters 41,42,& 43--GI > Flashcards

chapters 41,42,& 43--GI Flashcards

1
Q

____ _____ blood indicates active bleeding

A

bright red

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2
Q

one of the primary causes of GERD is decreased ______ _______ ______ pressure

A

lower esophageal sphincter

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3
Q

emesis with “coffee ground” appearance related to _______ bleeding

A

gastric

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4
Q

emesis with ______ _____ appearance related to gastric bleeding

A

coffee ground

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5
Q

_____ are common in pts with Crohns

A

fistulas

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6
Q

_____ _____ often causes left lower quadrant abdominal pain

A

ulcerative colitis

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7
Q

______ disease often causes right lower quadrant abdominal pain

A

crohns

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8
Q

_____ is more effective at treating esophagitis than pantoprazole

A

famotidine

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9
Q

_______ is used to treat an actively bleeding ulcer

A

esomeprazole

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10
Q

brand name for esomeprazole

A

Nexium

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11
Q

lactulose indicated if ______ ______ level is elevated

A

serum ammonia

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12
Q

______ is indicated if serum ammonia level is elevated

A

lactulose

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13
Q

________ _______ used for pts with mild, intermittent heartburn

A

calcium carbonate

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14
Q

ulcerative colitis is caused by ______ and ______ in rectum and rectosigmoid colon

A

edema
inflammation

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15
Q

_____ ____ can be implemented to manage ulcerative colitis

A

sitz baths

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16
Q

_______ used to treat ulcerative colitis

A

aminoacylates

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17
Q

aminoacylates can be oral, _______, or ________

A

suppositiories
enemas

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18
Q

_______ may be present in stool in pts with diarrhea

A

leukocytes

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19
Q

______ causes large volume, watery stools

A

norovirus

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20
Q

norovirus can cause ________ pain

A

periumbilical

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21
Q

a ____ can be performed for a pt with abdominal ascites

A

paracentesis

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22
Q

when a pt has a non-mechanical intestinal obstruction, place in ___ _____ position

A

semi fowlers

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23
Q

small bowel obstructions can cause _______ ______

A

metabolic alkalosis

24
Q

large intestine obstructions can cause _______ ______

A

metabolic acidosis

25
Q

_____ ____ bowel sounds heard in pts with ulcerative colitis

A

high pitched

26
Q

rigid, board-like abdomen is a hallmark indication of ________

A

peritonitis

27
Q

low ___ diet used for pts with pancreatitis

A

fat

28
Q

______ or ____ bowel sounds with pancreatitis

A

decreased or absent

29
Q

____ sign is a manifestation of pancreatitis

A

cullens

30
Q

______ _____ ____ are presented as bruising on flanks

A

grey turner spots

31
Q

in ______ the “ases” are high

A

pancreatitis

32
Q

blood _____ and blood ______ elevated in pancreatitis

A

amylase
lipase

33
Q

what 2 electrolytes are decreased with pancreatitis?

A

calcium
magnesium

34
Q

____ can be used to promote the excretion of ammonia from body through stool in pts with cirrhosis

A

lactulose

35
Q

_____ antibodies present with hepatitis A

A

IGG

36
Q

postitive _______ seen in pts with hepatitis C

A

EIA (enzyme immunoassay)

37
Q

hepatitis B transmitted through ____ and ______ ______

A

blood
bodily fluids

38
Q

hepatitis A transmitted via ______- ______ _____

A

fecal oral route

39
Q

most common mode of hepatitis C transmission is _________ _____ ______

A

sharing contaminated needles

40
Q

______ transmission is the most common mode of transmission of hepatitis A

A

sexual

41
Q

_____ vaccine and ___ are used as post exposure prophylaxis for pts exposed to hepatitis B

A

HBV
HBIG

42
Q

_____ ideally given 24 hours after exposure to hepatitis B

A

HBIG

43
Q

____ ____ test used to confirm HIV diagnosis

A

western blot

44
Q

another word for black, tarry stool

A

melena

45
Q

_______ is an indicator of slow bleeding from Upper GI source

A

melena

46
Q

for a pt with an obstruction administer IV _______ ____ or ______ ____

A

normal saline
lactated ringers

47
Q

are electrolyte imbalances more severe with a small bowel obstruction or a large intestine obstruction?

A

small bowel obstructions

48
Q

for a pt with an intestinal obstruction administer ______ after verifying renal function

A

potassium

49
Q

most common cause of small bowel obstructions are ________ ________

A

surgical adhesions

50
Q

if the obstruction is in the small intestines, ____ occurs rapidly

A

dehydration

51
Q

if an obstruction is in the _______ _______, dehydrating occurs rapidly

A

small intestines

52
Q

______ _____ pain is usually the 1st sign of an obstruction

A

colicky abdominal pain

53
Q

4 hallmark signs of an obstruction (acdv)

A

abdominal pain
distention
vomiting
constipation

54
Q

_____ transmission is the most common mode of transmission of hepatitis B

A

perinatal

55
Q

acute hepatitis ___ presents as asymptomatic

A

C

56
Q

no vaccine for hepatitis ____

A

C

57
Q

if person is exposed to hepatitis C, baseline ______-____ and _____ levels measured

A

anti-HCV
ALT

med surg exam 3 (4 decks)

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