chapters 41,42,& 43--GI Flashcards
____ _____ blood indicates active bleeding
bright red
one of the primary causes of GERD is decreased ______ _______ ______ pressure
lower esophageal sphincter
emesis with “coffee ground” appearance related to _______ bleeding
gastric
emesis with ______ _____ appearance related to gastric bleeding
coffee ground
_____ are common in pts with Crohns
fistulas
_____ _____ often causes left lower quadrant abdominal pain
ulcerative colitis
______ disease often causes right lower quadrant abdominal pain
crohns
_____ is more effective at treating esophagitis than pantoprazole
famotidine
_______ is used to treat an actively bleeding ulcer
esomeprazole
brand name for esomeprazole
Nexium
lactulose indicated if ______ ______ level is elevated
serum ammonia
______ is indicated if serum ammonia level is elevated
lactulose
________ _______ used for pts with mild, intermittent heartburn
calcium carbonate
ulcerative colitis is caused by ______ and ______ in rectum and rectosigmoid colon
edema
inflammation
_____ ____ can be implemented to manage ulcerative colitis
sitz baths
_______ used to treat ulcerative colitis
aminoacylates
aminoacylates can be oral, _______, or ________
suppositiories
enemas
_______ may be present in stool in pts with diarrhea
leukocytes
______ causes large volume, watery stools
norovirus
norovirus can cause ________ pain
periumbilical
a ____ can be performed for a pt with abdominal ascites
paracentesis
when a pt has a non-mechanical intestinal obstruction, place in ___ _____ position
semi fowlers
small bowel obstructions can cause _______ ______
metabolic alkalosis
large intestine obstructions can cause _______ ______
metabolic acidosis
_____ ____ bowel sounds heard in pts with ulcerative colitis
high pitched
rigid, board-like abdomen is a hallmark indication of ________
peritonitis
low ___ diet used for pts with pancreatitis
fat
______ or ____ bowel sounds with pancreatitis
decreased or absent
____ sign is a manifestation of pancreatitis
cullens
______ _____ ____ are presented as bruising on flanks
grey turner spots
in ______ the “ases” are high
pancreatitis
blood _____ and blood ______ elevated in pancreatitis
amylase
lipase
what 2 electrolytes are decreased with pancreatitis?
calcium
magnesium
____ can be used to promote the excretion of ammonia from body through stool in pts with cirrhosis
lactulose
_____ antibodies present with hepatitis A
IGG
postitive _______ seen in pts with hepatitis C
EIA (enzyme immunoassay)
hepatitis B transmitted through ____ and ______ ______
blood
bodily fluids
hepatitis A transmitted via ______- ______ _____
fecal oral route
most common mode of hepatitis C transmission is _________ _____ ______
sharing contaminated needles
______ transmission is the most common mode of transmission of hepatitis A
sexual
_____ vaccine and ___ are used as post exposure prophylaxis for pts exposed to hepatitis B
HBV
HBIG
_____ ideally given 24 hours after exposure to hepatitis B
HBIG
____ ____ test used to confirm HIV diagnosis
western blot
another word for black, tarry stool
melena
_______ is an indicator of slow bleeding from Upper GI source
melena
for a pt with an obstruction administer IV _______ ____ or ______ ____
normal saline
lactated ringers
are electrolyte imbalances more severe with a small bowel obstruction or a large intestine obstruction?
small bowel obstructions
for a pt with an intestinal obstruction administer ______ after verifying renal function
potassium
most common cause of small bowel obstructions are ________ ________
surgical adhesions
if the obstruction is in the small intestines, ____ occurs rapidly
dehydration
if an obstruction is in the _______ _______, dehydrating occurs rapidly
small intestines
______ _____ pain is usually the 1st sign of an obstruction
colicky abdominal pain
4 hallmark signs of an obstruction (acdv)
abdominal pain
distention
vomiting
constipation
_____ transmission is the most common mode of transmission of hepatitis B
perinatal
acute hepatitis ___ presents as asymptomatic
C
no vaccine for hepatitis ____
C
if person is exposed to hepatitis C, baseline ______-____ and _____ levels measured
anti-HCV
ALT
