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med surg exam 3 > Chapter 14- infection > Flashcards

Chapter 14- infection Flashcards

1
Q

how is HIV transmitted?

A

through bodily fluids

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2
Q

HIV is a ______ _____ that causes immunosuppression

A

retro-virus

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3
Q

_______ transmission is the most common mode of transmission for HIV

A

sexual

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4
Q

______ ______ are the most common means of work-related HIV transmission

A

puncture wounds

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5
Q

______ transmission of HIV is usually caused by delivery

A

perinatal

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6
Q

a_____ ____ can decrease risk for perinatal transmission

A

c section

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7
Q

the person is most infectious during ______ _____ phase of HIV

A

acute infection

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8
Q

a person is not symptomatic of HIV until ____-_____ years after transmission

A

8-10

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9
Q

it can take anywhere from ______ weeks to ______ ______ for a person infected w HIV to test positive for antibodies

A

3 weeks to 3 months

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10
Q

HIV develops into AIDS after how long?

A

10 plus years

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11
Q

______ ___ cells are the target cell for HIV

A

CD4 T cells

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12
Q

immune problems start when ____ ___ cells drop to less than 500

A

cd4 T cells

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13
Q

during the acute infection phase of HIV, the person has _____-_______ symptoms

A

mono-like

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14
Q

when someone with HIV is symptomatic, their cd4 T cell level is closer to _______

A

200

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15
Q

_______ ____ can be an indicator of AIDS

A

kaposi sarcoma

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16
Q

_____ _____ is more commonly associated w the symptomatic phase of HIV

A

oral thrush

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17
Q

_____ _____ _______ causes painless, white raised lesions on the lateral aspect of the tongue and is an indicator of HIV progression

A

oral hairy leukoplakia

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18
Q

HIV is tested for using ____ or ______

A

blood
saliva

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19
Q

combo _____-______ tests can detect HIV earlier

A

antigen-antibody

20
Q

the more decreased the ____ ____ is, the less active HIV is

A

viral load

21
Q

patients with HIV have ______ _____ function

A

altered liver

22
Q

a CBC for a pt with HIV would have a low ______ and low _____ count

A

WBC
platelet

23
Q

_____ is associated with antiretroviral therapy

A

anemia

24
Q

antiretroviral (ART) therapy cannot be taken with _____ ____ ____, ____, and ______

A

St johns wart
PPIs
antacids

25
Q

______ ________ is a prevention strategy for people at high risk for HIV

A

preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP)

26
Q

____________ _______ can slow the progression of HIV

A

antiretroviral therapy

27
Q

_________ is changing in body shape–fat redistributing

A

lipodystrophy

28
Q

_______ is a manifestation of HIV, in pts who have been on ART and have been infected for a long time

A

lipodystrophy

29
Q

which types of isolation precautions is (are) appropriate for a pt w TB? (select all that apply)

A. contact
B. droplet
C. airborne
D. standard
E. neutropenic

A

C
D

30
Q

transmission of HIV from an infected individual to another most commonly occurs as a result of:

A. unprotected anal or vaginal intercourse
B. low levels of virus in the blood and high levels of CD4 T cells
C. transmission from mother to infant during labor and delivery and breastfeeding
D. sharing of drug-using equipment, including needles, syringes, pipes, and straws

A

A

31
Q

during HIV infection:

A. reverse transcriptase helps HIV fuse with the CD4 t cell
B. HIV RNA uses the CD4 T cells’s mitochondria to replicate
C. the immune system is impaired predominately by the eventual widespread destruction of CD4 T cells
D. a long period of dormancy develops during which HIV cannot be found in the blood and there is very little replication

A

C

32
Q

which statements accurately describe HIV infection? (select all that apply)

A. untreated HIV infection has a predictable pattern of progression
B. late chronic HIV infection is called AIDS
C. untreated HIV infection can remain in the early chronic stage for a decade or more
D. untreated HIV infection usually remains in the early chronic stage for 1 year or less
E. opportunistic diseases occur more often when the CD4 T cell count is high and the viral load is low

A

A
B
C

33
Q

a diagnosis of AIDS is made when an HIV infected patient has
A. a CD4 T cell count below 200
B. a high level of HIV in the blood and saliva
C. lipodystrophy w metabolic abnormalities
D. oral hairy leukoplakia, an infection caused by Epstein-Barr virus

A

A

34
Q

screening for HIV generally involves:
A. detecting CD8 cytotoxic T cells in saliva
B. lab analysis of saliva to detect CD4 t cells
C. analysis of lymph tissues for the presence of HIV RNA
D. lab analysis of blood to detect HIV antigen or antibodies

A

D

35
Q

HIV antiretroviral therapy drugs are used to:
A. cure acute HIV infection
B. decrease viral RNA levels
C. treat opportunistic diseases
D. decrease pain and symptoms of terminal disease

A

B

36
Q

opportunistic diseases in HIV infection:
A. are usually benign
B. are generally slow to develop and progress
C. occur in the presence of immunosuppression
D. are curable with appropriate drug interventions

A

C

37
Q

which statements about metabolic side effects of ART are true? (select all that apply)
A. these are annoying symptoms that are ultimately harmless
B. ART related body changes include fat redistribution and peripheral wasting
C. lipid abnormalities include increases in triglycerides and decreases in high density cholesterol
D. insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia can be treated with drugs to control glucose and cholesterol
E. compared to uninfected people, insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia are more difficult to treat in HIV-infected patients

A

B
C
D

38
Q

which strategy can the nurse teach the patient to eliminate the risk of HIV transmission?
A. using sterile equipment to inject drugs
B. cleaning equipment used to inject drugs
C. taking lamivudine (Epivir) during pregnancy
D. using latex or polyurethane barriers to cover genitalia during sexual contact

A

A

39
Q

what is the MOST appropriate nursing intervention to help an HIV infected patient adhere to a treatment regime?
A. “set up” a drug pillbox for the patient every week
B. give the pt a video and a brochure to view and read at home
C. tell the pt that the side effects of the drug are bad but that they go away after a while
D. assess the pts routines and find adherence cues that find into the pts life circumstances

A

D

40
Q

low ____ seen with HIV pts

A

platelets

41
Q

decreased _____ count seen in pts with HIV

A

WBC

42
Q

normal range of CD4 T cells:

_____-_____

A

800-1200

43
Q

______ persists throughout disease process of HIV

A

lymphadenopathy

44
Q

____ ____ is part of the diagnostic criteria for AIDs

A

kaposi sarcoma

45
Q

person is most infectious in what stage if HIV?

A

acute HIV

46
Q

in the ____ phase of HIV pt is typically asymptomatic

A

chronic

med surg exam 3 (4 decks)

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