Chapter 14- infection Flashcards
how is HIV transmitted?
through bodily fluids
HIV is a ______ _____ that causes immunosuppression
retro-virus
_______ transmission is the most common mode of transmission for HIV
sexual
______ ______ are the most common means of work-related HIV transmission
puncture wounds
______ transmission of HIV is usually caused by delivery
perinatal
a_____ ____ can decrease risk for perinatal transmission
c section
the person is most infectious during ______ _____ phase of HIV
acute infection
a person is not symptomatic of HIV until ____-_____ years after transmission
8-10
it can take anywhere from ______ weeks to ______ ______ for a person infected w HIV to test positive for antibodies
3 weeks to 3 months
HIV develops into AIDS after how long?
10 plus years
______ ___ cells are the target cell for HIV
CD4 T cells
immune problems start when ____ ___ cells drop to less than 500
cd4 T cells
during the acute infection phase of HIV, the person has _____-_______ symptoms
mono-like
when someone with HIV is symptomatic, their cd4 T cell level is closer to _______
200
_______ ____ can be an indicator of AIDS
kaposi sarcoma
_____ _____ is more commonly associated w the symptomatic phase of HIV
oral thrush
_____ _____ _______ causes painless, white raised lesions on the lateral aspect of the tongue and is an indicator of HIV progression
oral hairy leukoplakia
HIV is tested for using ____ or ______
blood
saliva
combo _____-______ tests can detect HIV earlier
antigen-antibody
the more decreased the ____ ____ is, the less active HIV is
viral load
patients with HIV have ______ _____ function
altered liver
a CBC for a pt with HIV would have a low ______ and low _____ count
WBC
platelet
_____ is associated with antiretroviral therapy
anemia
antiretroviral (ART) therapy cannot be taken with _____ ____ ____, ____, and ______
St johns wart
PPIs
antacids
______ ________ is a prevention strategy for people at high risk for HIV
preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP)
____________ _______ can slow the progression of HIV
antiretroviral therapy
_________ is changing in body shape–fat redistributing
lipodystrophy
_______ is a manifestation of HIV, in pts who have been on ART and have been infected for a long time
lipodystrophy
which types of isolation precautions is (are) appropriate for a pt w TB? (select all that apply)
A. contact
B. droplet
C. airborne
D. standard
E. neutropenic
C
D
transmission of HIV from an infected individual to another most commonly occurs as a result of:
A. unprotected anal or vaginal intercourse
B. low levels of virus in the blood and high levels of CD4 T cells
C. transmission from mother to infant during labor and delivery and breastfeeding
D. sharing of drug-using equipment, including needles, syringes, pipes, and straws
A
during HIV infection:
A. reverse transcriptase helps HIV fuse with the CD4 t cell
B. HIV RNA uses the CD4 T cells’s mitochondria to replicate
C. the immune system is impaired predominately by the eventual widespread destruction of CD4 T cells
D. a long period of dormancy develops during which HIV cannot be found in the blood and there is very little replication
C
which statements accurately describe HIV infection? (select all that apply)
A. untreated HIV infection has a predictable pattern of progression
B. late chronic HIV infection is called AIDS
C. untreated HIV infection can remain in the early chronic stage for a decade or more
D. untreated HIV infection usually remains in the early chronic stage for 1 year or less
E. opportunistic diseases occur more often when the CD4 T cell count is high and the viral load is low
A
B
C
a diagnosis of AIDS is made when an HIV infected patient has
A. a CD4 T cell count below 200
B. a high level of HIV in the blood and saliva
C. lipodystrophy w metabolic abnormalities
D. oral hairy leukoplakia, an infection caused by Epstein-Barr virus
A
screening for HIV generally involves:
A. detecting CD8 cytotoxic T cells in saliva
B. lab analysis of saliva to detect CD4 t cells
C. analysis of lymph tissues for the presence of HIV RNA
D. lab analysis of blood to detect HIV antigen or antibodies
D
HIV antiretroviral therapy drugs are used to:
A. cure acute HIV infection
B. decrease viral RNA levels
C. treat opportunistic diseases
D. decrease pain and symptoms of terminal disease
B
opportunistic diseases in HIV infection:
A. are usually benign
B. are generally slow to develop and progress
C. occur in the presence of immunosuppression
D. are curable with appropriate drug interventions
C
which statements about metabolic side effects of ART are true? (select all that apply)
A. these are annoying symptoms that are ultimately harmless
B. ART related body changes include fat redistribution and peripheral wasting
C. lipid abnormalities include increases in triglycerides and decreases in high density cholesterol
D. insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia can be treated with drugs to control glucose and cholesterol
E. compared to uninfected people, insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia are more difficult to treat in HIV-infected patients
B
C
D
which strategy can the nurse teach the patient to eliminate the risk of HIV transmission?
A. using sterile equipment to inject drugs
B. cleaning equipment used to inject drugs
C. taking lamivudine (Epivir) during pregnancy
D. using latex or polyurethane barriers to cover genitalia during sexual contact
A
what is the MOST appropriate nursing intervention to help an HIV infected patient adhere to a treatment regime?
A. “set up” a drug pillbox for the patient every week
B. give the pt a video and a brochure to view and read at home
C. tell the pt that the side effects of the drug are bad but that they go away after a while
D. assess the pts routines and find adherence cues that find into the pts life circumstances
D
low ____ seen with HIV pts
platelets
decreased _____ count seen in pts with HIV
WBC
normal range of CD4 T cells:
_____-_____
800-1200
______ persists throughout disease process of HIV
lymphadenopathy
____ ____ is part of the diagnostic criteria for AIDs
kaposi sarcoma
person is most infectious in what stage if HIV?
acute HIV
in the ____ phase of HIV pt is typically asymptomatic
chronic
