chapter 15-cancer Flashcards by Stephanie Healey

2 major dysfunctions in the process of cancer development:

defective cell ______
defective cell _______

proliferation
differentiation

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proliferation is another word for what?

growth

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stem cells are _________ until they become mature and become functioning cells of only that tissue

undifferentiated

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stem cells are undifferentiated until they become _______

mature

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_________ keep cells functioning normally

protooncogenes

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mutations in protooncogenes that alter expression can activate them to function as ________

oncogenes

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normal neutrophil count:

___-____%

54-75

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low neutrophil count is concerning bc it puts pt at risk for ______

sepsis

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______ puts pts at risk for sepsis

neutropenia

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if platelets fall below ________ pts is at risk for serious bleeding

50,0000

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administer platelet infusions when platelets fall below ______

20,000

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_____ _____ factor used to reduce the risk of neutropenia

WBC growth factor

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WBC growth factors used to reduce the risk of _______

neutropenia

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labs prior to chemo :

check pts ______ count

WBC

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administer _____ before chemo

antiemetic—-zofran

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_______ is used to treat nausea

compazine

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_________ is the generic name for compazine

prochloperazine

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normal hematocrit:

males— _____-____
females—-_____-____

40-50
35-45

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normal hemaglobin:

males–____-_____
females—- ____-______

14-17.3
11-15.5

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normal albumin levels:

____-____

4-6

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_______ precautions used for pts on chemo

neutropenic

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PPE for neutropenic precautions

gloves
gown
mask

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what type of room will a pt on neutropenic precautions have?

private room

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myleosuppression causes reduction in _____ and _______

RBCs
WBCs

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myleosuppression s/s: _______ _______ _______

anemia neutropenia thrombocytopenia

TPN is a _______ IV bolus solution

hypertonic

TPN usually administer through a ______ ______

central line

TPN is indicated if pt has weight loss greater that ___% of body weight

TPN administered if pt is _____ status

NPO

TPN administered if pt is unable to eat or drink for more than ______ days

how often should TPN tubing and solution be changed?

every 24 hours

assess ______ _____ every 4-6 hours for first 24 hours of TPN administration

blood glucose

what lab is assessed to evaluate if a pt still needs TPN?

serum albumin

testicular cancer most common in pts ages ____-____

15-34

high cure rate with early detection of _________ cancer

testicular

testicular cancer causes _____ _____ on testicle

painless lump

most cancers are _________

acquired

UV radiation associated with ________ and ______ and _______ cell carcinoma

melanoma squamous and basal cell

cancer spreading to localized sites is called ________

invasivness

cancer spreading to multiple sites is called _______

metastasis

_____ ___ cells kill tumor cell directly and produce cytokines

cytotoxic T

_______ _____ cells and activated _______ break down tumor cells

natural killer macrophages

____ cells make antibodies that bind to tumor cells

elevated carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) found in _____ of the liver

cirrhosis

rise in CEA levels after chemo or radiation may indicate what?

the reoccurrence or spread of the cancer

what clinical stage of cancer is this: abnormal cells are localized and show no tendency to invade or metastasize to other tissues

what clinical stage of cancer is this: tumor is limited to tissue of origin

what clinical stage of cancer is this: cancer has grown, but hasn't spread past tissue of origin

what clinical stage of cancer is this: multiple sites are involved---extensive regional and local spread

III

what clinical stage of cancer is this: metastasis

in the TNM classification system what does T stand for?

tumor size and invasiveness

in the TNM classification system what does N stand for?

spread to lymph nodes

in the TNM classification system what does M stand for?

metastasis

gold standard to assess extent of cancer is _____ ______

PET scan

________ is the most common side effect of chemo

myleosuppression

______ transplantation is when stem cells are acquired from a donor who is a HLA match to the recipient

allogenic

______ transplantation involves obtaining stem cells from one identical twin and infusing them into the other

synergeneic

_____ transplantation is when a pt receives their own cells back after myleoablative chemo

autologous

_____ _____ ___ disease major concern if pt had allogenic transplantation

graft vs host

______ primary cause of death in cancer pts

infection

another word for altered taste sensation

dyguesia

testicular cancer can be cured with a combo of _______, ______, and ______

surgery chemo radiation

instruct pt at risk for neutropenia to call dr if temp is ____ or greater

100.4 F