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med surg exam 3 > chapter 15-cancer > Flashcards

chapter 15-cancer Flashcards

1
Q

2 major dysfunctions in the process of cancer development:

defective cell ______
defective cell _______

A

proliferation
differentiation

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2
Q

proliferation is another word for what?

A

growth

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3
Q

stem cells are _________ until they become mature and become functioning cells of only that tissue

A

undifferentiated

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4
Q

stem cells are undifferentiated until they become _______

A

mature

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5
Q

_________ keep cells functioning normally

A

protooncogenes

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6
Q

mutations in protooncogenes that alter expression can activate them to function as ________

A

oncogenes

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7
Q

normal neutrophil count:

___-____%

A

54-75

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8
Q

low neutrophil count is concerning bc it puts pt at risk for ______

A

sepsis

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9
Q

______ puts pts at risk for sepsis

A

neutropenia

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10
Q

if platelets fall below ________ pts is at risk for serious bleeding

A

50,0000

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11
Q

administer platelet infusions when platelets fall below ______

A

20,000

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12
Q

_____ _____ factor used to reduce the risk of neutropenia

A

WBC growth factor

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13
Q

WBC growth factors used to reduce the risk of _______

A

neutropenia

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14
Q

labs prior to chemo :

check pts ______ count

A

WBC

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15
Q

administer _____ before chemo

A

antiemetic—-zofran

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16
Q

_______ is used to treat nausea

A

compazine

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17
Q

_________ is the generic name for compazine

A

prochloperazine

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18
Q

normal hematocrit:

males— _____-____
females—-_____-____

A

40-50
35-45

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19
Q

normal hemaglobin:

males–____-_____
females—- ____-______

A

14-17.3
11-15.5

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20
Q

normal albumin levels:

____-____

A

4-6

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21
Q

_______ precautions used for pts on chemo

A

neutropenic

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22
Q

PPE for neutropenic precautions

A

gloves
gown
mask

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23
Q

what type of room will a pt on neutropenic precautions have?

A

private room

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24
Q

myleosuppression causes reduction in _____ and _______

A

RBCs
WBCs

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25
Q

myleosuppression s/s:

_______
_______
_______

A

anemia
neutropenia
thrombocytopenia

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26
Q

TPN is a _______ IV bolus solution

A

hypertonic

27
Q

TPN usually administer through a ______ ______

A

central line

28
Q

TPN is indicated if pt has weight loss greater that ___% of body weight

A

10

29
Q

TPN administered if pt is _____ status

A

NPO

30
Q

TPN administered if pt is unable to eat or drink for more than ______ days

A

5

31
Q

how often should TPN tubing and solution be changed?

A

every 24 hours

32
Q

assess ______ _____ every 4-6 hours for first 24 hours of TPN administration

A

blood glucose

33
Q

what lab is assessed to evaluate if a pt still needs TPN?

A

serum albumin

34
Q

testicular cancer most common in pts ages ____-____

A

15-34

35
Q

high cure rate with early detection of _________ cancer

A

testicular

36
Q

testicular cancer causes _____ _____ on testicle

A

painless lump

37
Q

most cancers are _________

A

acquired

38
Q

UV radiation associated with ________ and ______ and _______ cell carcinoma

A

melanoma
squamous and basal cell

39
Q

cancer spreading to localized sites is called ________

A

invasivness

40
Q

cancer spreading to multiple sites is called _______

A

metastasis

41
Q

_____ ___ cells kill tumor cell directly and produce cytokines

A

cytotoxic T

42
Q

_______ _____ cells and activated _______ break down tumor cells

A

natural killer
macrophages

43
Q

____ cells make antibodies that bind to tumor cells

A

B

44
Q

elevated carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) found in _____ of the liver

A

cirrhosis

45
Q

rise in CEA levels after chemo or radiation may indicate what?

A

the reoccurrence or spread of the cancer

46
Q

what clinical stage of cancer is this:

abnormal cells are localized and show no tendency to invade or metastasize to other tissues

A

0

47
Q

what clinical stage of cancer is this:

tumor is limited to tissue of origin

A

1

48
Q

what clinical stage of cancer is this:

cancer has grown, but hasn’t spread past tissue of origin

A

II

49
Q

what clinical stage of cancer is this:

multiple sites are involved—extensive regional and local spread

A

III

50
Q

what clinical stage of cancer is this:

metastasis

A

IV

51
Q

in the TNM classification system what does T stand for?

A

tumor size and invasiveness

52
Q

in the TNM classification system what does N stand for?

A

spread to lymph nodes

53
Q

in the TNM classification system what does M stand for?

A

metastasis

54
Q

gold standard to assess extent of cancer is _____ ______

A

PET scan

55
Q

________ is the most common side effect of chemo

A

myleosuppression

56
Q

______ transplantation is when stem cells are acquired from a donor who is a HLA match to the recipient

A

allogenic

57
Q

______ transplantation involves obtaining stem cells from one identical twin and infusing them into the other

A

synergeneic

58
Q

_____ transplantation is when a pt receives their own cells back after myleoablative chemo

A

autologous

59
Q

_____ _____ ___ disease major concern if pt had allogenic transplantation

A

graft vs host

60
Q

______ primary cause of death in cancer pts

A

infection

61
Q

another word for altered taste sensation

A

dyguesia

62
Q

testicular cancer can be cured with a combo of _______, ______, and ______

A

surgery
chemo
radiation

63
Q

instruct pt at risk for neutropenia to call dr if temp is ____ or greater

A

100.4 F

med surg exam 3 (4 decks)

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