Chapters 4&9 Hormones and Wellness

Question 1

What are the body functions that hormones regulate?

Answer 1

Sexual function, growth, and metabolism

Question 2

Which types of glands secrete hormones?

Answer 2

Endocrine

Question 3

How many major endocrine glands are in the human body?

Answer 3

8

Question 4

What are some other glands found in the human body?

Answer 4

Exocrine glands, sebaceous glands, sudoriferous glands, and apocrine glands

Question 5

What are trophic hormones?

Answer 5

Signal hormones, they cause other glands to make hormones

Question 6

Name some things the hormones produced by the pituitary gland do

Answer 6

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) causes production of sex hormones, regulate fluid retention in body, control growth, and cause the female breasts to produce milk

Question 7

Which gland ties the nervous system to the endocrine system?

Answer 7

Hypothalamus

Question 8

What are the two main hormones secreted by the thyroid gland?

Answer 8

Thyroxine and triiodothyronine

Question 9

What is overactivity of the thyroid gland called?

Answer 9

Hyperthyroidism

Question 10

What is underactivity of the thyroid gland called?

Answer 10

Hypothyroidism

Question 11

List some symptoms of hyperthyroidism

Answer 11

Clinical symptoms: Weight loss, rapid heartbeat, moodiness or irritability, irregular menstrual cycles, hand tremors, loose bowel movements
Skin symptoms: feelings of warmth flushing or redness, intolerance of heat, itchiness, fast growing nails or nails that lift off the nail bed, thinning or fine hair, myxedema, hives

Question 12

List some symptoms of hypothyroidism

Answer 12

Clinical symptoms: weight gain, tiredness or fatigue, depression, heavy menstrual periods, joint pain, constipation, poor balance
Skin symptoms: dry and flaky skin, coarse skin texture, brittle and dry nails and hair, intolerance to cold, facial puffiness

Question 13

Which glands contain a medulla and a cortex?

Answer 13

The adrenal glands

Question 14

What does the medulla of the adrenal glands make?

Answer 14

Adrenaline and noradrenaline (known as epinephrine and norepinephrine)

Question 15

What does the cortex of the adrenal glands make?

Answer 15

Steroid hormones

Question 16

What do corticoids help do?

Answer 16

Regulate metabolism and the body’s use of carbs, proteins, and fats, maintain water balance, and regulate sodium and potassium levels

Question 17

Which corticoids regulate blood sugar?

Answer 17

Glucocorticoids

Question 18

Which corticoids regulate blood minerals and male hormones?

Answer 18

Mineralcorticoids

Question 19

______ is the major glucocorticoid, which is also called the stress hormone

Answer 19

Cortisol

Question 20

What is long term cortisol production related to?

Answer 20

Type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, upper body weight gain, and obesity

Question 21

The pineal gland produces ______, a specialized hormone that regulates the body’s circadian rhythm

Answer 21

Melatonin

Question 22

Where are the islets of Langerhans located? And what do they do?

Answer 22

The pancreas
They manufacture insulin, which regulates blood sugar or gluocose levels

Question 23

______ is caused by failure of the pancreas to secrete insulin. (sometimes called juvenile diabetes)

Answer 23

Type 1 diabetes
<10% of people who diabetes have type 1

Question 24

______ is caused by an insulin deficiency or cells not responding normally to insulin. (sometimes called adult onset diabetes)

Answer 24

Type 2 diabetes
Most prevalent form

Question 25

What can influence type 2 diabetes?

Answer 25

Family history, age, ethnicity, obesity

Question 26

Skin conditions associated with diabetes

Answer 26

*Bacterial, yeast or fungal infections of the skin *Diabetic dermopathy *Acanthosis nigracans

Question 27

What gland produces T cells?

Answer 27

Thymus

Question 28

What hormone gives a woman female characteristics?

Answer 28

Estrogen

Question 29

What hormone helps enlarge the pelvic opening during childbirth?

Answer 29

Relaxin

Question 30

What age does puberty usually occur?

Answer 30

Age 12-14

Question 31

Where do pores become visible first?

Answer 31

The nose

Question 32

What helps to resolve keratosis pilaris?

Answer 32

Mildly abrasive scrubs, gommages, and light extraction

Question 33

How long is the menstrual cylce?

Answer 33

27-30 days

Question 34

What phase does estrogen reach a high point?

Answer 34

Phase 3

Question 35

What does the trophoblast do?

Answer 35

Provides nutrition for the embryo

Question 36

What term refers to the condition in which the face develops significant hyperpigmentation?

Answer 36

Melasma

Question 37

What condition is commonly referred to as stretch marks?

Answer 37

striae distensae

Question 38

What should you do when treating a pregnant woman?

Answer 38

Obtain a written note from the client's physician and use topical treatments and products conservatively

Question 39

How long before menstruation do women typically develop acne flare-ups?

Answer 39

7-10 days

Question 40

When do the ovaries stop releasing eggs?

Answer 40

Menopause

Question 41

What condition are women who lose their ovaries early in life more likely to develop?

Answer 41

Osteoporosis

Question 42

How many joules of energy are found in a single calorie unti?

Answer 42

4.184

Question 43

How many calories are in one gram of protein?

Answer 43

4

Question 44

How many calories are in one gram of alcohol?

Answer 44

7

Question 45

What are the two processes that make up metabolism?

Answer 45

Catabolism and anabolism

Question 46

What term refers to unstable molecules that have broken away from weak molecules and steal electrons to stabilize themsleves?

Answer 46

Free radicals

Question 47

What are some examples of excellent antioxidants?

Answer 47

Foods high in vitamin C & E, beta-carotene, and selenium (nuts, legumes, leafy greens, fruits, whole grains, red wine, and dark chocolate

Question 48

What can a deficiency of vitamin A cause?

Answer 48

Dry, cracked skin and brittle hair and nails

Question 49

What vitamin is essential in the formation of collagen protein?

Answer 49

Vitamin C

Question 50

What does vitamin P do?

Answer 50

Enhances capillary strength and acts as an anti-inflammatory

Question 51

What mineral is required for muscle contraction and transmitting impulses through the nervous system?

Answer 51

Calcium

Question 52

What mineral is used in oxygen transport and is essential for the regulation of cell growth and differentiation?

Answer 52

Iron

Question 53

What is glycation the number one causes of?

Answer 53

Aging

Question 54

AGE content levels

Answer 54

Cakes: 838,000 Cereals: 193,400 Diet soda: 9,500 Coffee: 2,200 Tea: 2,025 Orange juice: 600

Question 55

Low AGE product foods

Answer 55

Low fat dairy products Fish (except fried or breaded) Fruit (in small quantities) Grains Legumes Nuts Vegetables

Question 56

What prepares the body for an emergency response?

Answer 56

Adrenaline

Question 57

What does cortisol do?

Answer 57

Releases energy from fat cells for use in the muscles

Question 58

What term refers to situations that bring on a stress response?

Answer 58

Stress triggers