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Master Esthetics > Chapters 4&9 Hormones and Wellness > Flashcards

Chapters 4&9 Hormones and Wellness Flashcards

1
Q

What are the body functions that hormones regulate?

A

Sexual function, growth, and metabolism

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2
Q

Which types of glands secrete hormones?

A

Endocrine

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3
Q

How many major endocrine glands are in the human body?

A

8

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4
Q

What are some other glands found in the human body?

A

Exocrine glands, sebaceous glands, sudoriferous glands, and apocrine glands

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5
Q

What are trophic hormones?

A

Signal hormones, they cause other glands to make hormones

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6
Q

Name some things the hormones produced by the pituitary gland do

A

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) causes production of sex hormones, regulate fluid retention in body, control growth, and cause the female breasts to produce milk

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7
Q

Which gland ties the nervous system to the endocrine system?

A

Hypothalamus

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8
Q

What are the two main hormones secreted by the thyroid gland?

A

Thyroxine and triiodothyronine

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9
Q

What is overactivity of the thyroid gland called?

A

Hyperthyroidism

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10
Q

What is underactivity of the thyroid gland called?

A

Hypothyroidism

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11
Q

List some symptoms of hyperthyroidism

A

Clinical symptoms: Weight loss, rapid heartbeat, moodiness or irritability, irregular menstrual cycles, hand tremors, loose bowel movements
Skin symptoms: feelings of warmth flushing or redness, intolerance of heat, itchiness, fast growing nails or nails that lift off the nail bed, thinning or fine hair, myxedema, hives

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12
Q

List some symptoms of hypothyroidism

A

Clinical symptoms: weight gain, tiredness or fatigue, depression, heavy menstrual periods, joint pain, constipation, poor balance
Skin symptoms: dry and flaky skin, coarse skin texture, brittle and dry nails and hair, intolerance to cold, facial puffiness

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13
Q

Which glands contain a medulla and a cortex?

A

The adrenal glands

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14
Q

What does the medulla of the adrenal glands make?

A

Adrenaline and noradrenaline (known as epinephrine and norepinephrine)

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15
Q

What does the cortex of the adrenal glands make?

A

Steroid hormones

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16
Q

What do corticoids help do?

A

Regulate metabolism and the body’s use of carbs, proteins, and fats, maintain water balance, and regulate sodium and potassium levels

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17
Q

Which corticoids regulate blood sugar?

A

Glucocorticoids

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18
Q

Which corticoids regulate blood minerals and male hormones?

A

Mineralcorticoids

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19
Q

______ is the major glucocorticoid, which is also called the stress hormone

A

Cortisol

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20
Q

What is long term cortisol production related to?

A

Type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, upper body weight gain, and obesity

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21
Q

The pineal gland produces ______, a specialized hormone that regulates the body’s circadian rhythm

A

Melatonin

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22
Q

Where are the islets of Langerhans located? And what do they do?

A

The pancreas
They manufacture insulin, which regulates blood sugar or gluocose levels

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23
Q

______ is caused by failure of the pancreas to secrete insulin. (sometimes called juvenile diabetes)

A

Type 1 diabetes
<10% of people who diabetes have type 1

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24
Q

______ is caused by an insulin deficiency or cells not responding normally to insulin. (sometimes called adult onset diabetes)

A

Type 2 diabetes
Most prevalent form

25
Q

What can influence type 2 diabetes?

A

Family history, age, ethnicity, obesity

26
Q

Skin conditions associated with diabetes

A

*Bacterial, yeast or fungal infections of the skin
*Diabetic dermopathy
*Acanthosis nigracans

27
Q

What gland produces T cells?

A

Thymus

28
Q

What hormone gives a woman female characteristics?

A

Estrogen

29
Q

What hormone helps enlarge the pelvic opening during childbirth?

A

Relaxin

30
Q

What age does puberty usually occur?

A

Age 12-14

31
Q

Where do pores become visible first?

A

The nose

32
Q

What helps to resolve keratosis pilaris?

A

Mildly abrasive scrubs, gommages, and light extraction

33
Q

How long is the menstrual cylce?

A

27-30 days

34
Q

What phase does estrogen reach a high point?

A

Phase 3

35
Q

What does the trophoblast do?

A

Provides nutrition for the embryo

36
Q

What term refers to the condition in which the face develops significant hyperpigmentation?

A

Melasma

37
Q

What condition is commonly referred to as stretch marks?

A

striae distensae

38
Q

What should you do when treating a pregnant woman?

A

Obtain a written note from the client’s physician and use topical treatments and products conservatively

39
Q

How long before menstruation do women typically develop acne flare-ups?

A

7-10 days

40
Q

When do the ovaries stop releasing eggs?

A

Menopause

41
Q

What condition are women who lose their ovaries early in life more likely to develop?

A

Osteoporosis

42
Q

How many joules of energy are found in a single calorie unti?

A

4.184

43
Q

How many calories are in one gram of protein?

A

4

44
Q

How many calories are in one gram of alcohol?

A

7

45
Q

What are the two processes that make up metabolism?

A

Catabolism and anabolism

46
Q

What term refers to unstable molecules that have broken away from weak molecules and steal electrons to stabilize themsleves?

A

Free radicals

47
Q

What are some examples of excellent antioxidants?

A

Foods high in vitamin C & E, beta-carotene, and selenium (nuts, legumes, leafy greens, fruits, whole grains, red wine, and dark chocolate

48
Q

What can a deficiency of vitamin A cause?

A

Dry, cracked skin and brittle hair and nails

49
Q

What vitamin is essential in the formation of collagen protein?

A

Vitamin C

50
Q

What does vitamin P do?

A

Enhances capillary strength and acts as an anti-inflammatory

51
Q

What mineral is required for muscle contraction and transmitting impulses through the nervous system?

A

Calcium

52
Q

What mineral is used in oxygen transport and is essential for the regulation of cell growth and differentiation?

A

Iron

53
Q

What is glycation the number one causes of?

A

Aging

54
Q

AGE content levels

A

Cakes: 838,000
Cereals: 193,400
Diet soda: 9,500
Coffee: 2,200
Tea: 2,025
Orange juice: 600

55
Q

Low AGE product foods

A

Low fat dairy products
Fish (except fried or breaded)
Fruit (in small quantities)
Grains
Legumes
Nuts
Vegetables

56
Q

What prepares the body for an emergency response?

A

Adrenaline

57
Q

What does cortisol do?

A

Releases energy from fat cells for use in the muscles

58
Q

What term refers to situations that bring on a stress response?

A

Stress triggers

Master Esthetics (7 decks)

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