Chapters 3 & 4 Flashcards
Which of the following is an example of unrealistic optimism?
The stock market is a very risky place.
If I quit smoking a lower my risk of cancer.
If I study enough I’ll do well on this exam.
I’m sure I’ll get a great job when I graduate.
I’m sure I’ll get a great job when I graduate
Zimbardo attributed the behavior of the studies in his Stanford prison study to
The rolls the subjects played
Counterfactual thinking is more likely when
We can easily picture and alternative outcome
Following the US Supreme Court’s 1954 decision to desegregate schools, the percentage of European Americans favoring integrated schools more than doubled this is an example of how
Moral actions feed moral attitudes
Activating particular associations in memory is called
Priming
The effects of ____ on ____ was vividly demonstrated in Zimbardos 1971 classic study of a simulated prison
Roles; behaviors
Although you may spend the evening surfing the Internet rather than studying you have generally been quite a discipline students throughout your academic career and have always held the attitude that studying is important. The relationship between your studying behavior and your attitude towards studying can best be described by which social psychological term
The principle of aggregation
Josh wishes to be passionately loved rich and muscular. He’s afraid of being unemployed and alone. Josh’s wishes and fears constitute his
Possible selves
Which saying reflects the false consensus effect? Everyone does it! The devil made me do it. No one is better than me. We're all in this together.
Everyone does it!
Research indicates that harming an innocent victim especially voluntary leads one to
Disparage the victim to justify the behavior
Cameron was assigned a term paper at the start of her social psychology class. She figured it would only take two days to write the paper so she did not started until two days before it was due. Halfway through the second day Cameron was devastated she wasn’t even halfway done yet. Cameron under estimation of how long it would take her to complete her paper is an example of
Planning fallacy
Alison’s parents are so happy that she enjoys reading. They decide to encourage her to keep at it by paying her five dollars for each book she reads. According to the over justification effect how well Allison react to this new reward system
She will become less interested in reading
One needed to decide if he should live at home with his parents or in a dorm this year. He liked the idea of the freedom of the dorm but knew it was cheaper to live at home. According to cognitive dissonance theory after deciding to stay at home one will likely
Feel confident that he made the best decision dorms are expensive and dirty anyway
After much deliberation you decide on a college to attend. After you have made your decision you find yourself reducing any dissonance by ____ the chosen University and ____ the unchosen universities
Upgrading; downgrading
Sharon typically watches television news stations to support her existing political beliefs. She is less inclined to watch the news on other stations as it may disapprove her preconceptions. Sharon’s approach illustrates the
Confirmation bias
The fact that 76% of Californians agreed to install a huge ugly sign in their front yard after first being approached with a small request two weeks earlier exemplifies the ____ phenomenon
Foot in the door
Fundamental attribution error is the tendency for observers to ____ situational influences and ____ dispositional influences on behavior.
Underestimate; overestimate
While waiting to cross the street you witnessed a man running a red light causing the three car accident. Just after it happens the man who ran the stop light gets out of his car to talk to you. He tells you that the light was yellow. Later you tell the police that you remember the light being yellow not read when the man went through the intersection. This scenario illustrates
The misinformation effect
Kelly just saw a news report about an airplane crash. She now believes that she is more likely to be in an airplane accident an automobile accident. This is an example of the
Availability heuristic
You believe that although you study for a test you will do poorly on it this is an example of
Self-fulfilling prophecy
The three elements of the tri-component model of attitudes are
Affect behavior and cognition
The implicit Association test
Measures unconscious attitudes
Interested in purchasing a digital camera you find one priced extremely low. As you were about to purchase the camera you find that it does not come with a power cord memory card or battery. You purchase all of these separately. The total cost surpasses what another store had listed the camera as a higher price but included all the accessories. You have been a victim of the ____ technique
Lowball
Sometimes the biases for one’s belief is discredited but an explanation of why the belief might be true survives. Social psychologists referred to this as
Belief perseverance
