Chapters 25 - 27: Male & Female Genitourinary / Anus, Rectum, Prostate

Structures involved in an upper UTI:

Kidneys, ureters, bladder, & urethra

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Structures involved in a lower UTI:

Bladder and below

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Male UTI’s are:

Harder to treat

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Name for prostate growth:

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

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BPH is treated with:

Tamsulosin (Flomax)

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BPH rates:

50% of men over 50 years old

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Why do we collect a C&S before giving an antibiotic for a UTI?

B/c we do not want antibiotic resistance

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So-called groin:

Inguinal area

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Bladder cancer risk factor:

Smoking

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At what age does sperm production gradually decrease?

Around age 40

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Enlargement of prostate associated with tissue hyperplasia & surrounds the urethra:

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

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What disorder causes an obstruction of the urine stream and increases the risk for UTI’s?

BPH

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The GFR for stage III CKD is usually:

30 - 60

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Symptoms for stage III CKD:

None

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What is diagnosed via blood testing, UA’s, and imaging studies?

CKD

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Difficulty / painful urination:

Dysuria

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Frequency, urgency, excessive urination during the night:

Nocturia

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There is an increase in STI’s with what patient population?

Baby boomers

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Why is it important to check urine color, consistency, and if there is sediment?

Changes can be indicators of infection (UTI, etc)

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Excess quantity of urine:

Polyuria

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Diminished urine output, less than 400 mL in a 24 hours period:

Oliguria

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400 mL per 25 hours is equivalent to how many mL’s per hour?

16.67 mL/hour

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How to determine if urine output is normal based on patient weight:

0.5 mL per kilogram per hour

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Absence of urine:

Anuria

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Urethral opening on POSTERIOR aspect of penis in setting of normal anatomical positioning:

Hypospadias

Urethral opening on ANTERIOR aspect of penis in setting of normal anatomical positioning:

Epispadias

What can urethritis be associated with?

Gonorrhea & chlamydia

Prepuce opening narrowed not allowing for foreskin retraction: (due to swelling):

Phimosis

Retraction of foreskin associated with glan constriction pain (can lead to necrosis):

Paraphimosis

So-called kidney stones causing abdominal and/or flank pain:

Renal calculi

Inflammation of the urethra that can cause purulent discharge, erythema, and edema:

Urethritis

What is associated with heart failure, renal failure, and/or localized inflammation or trauma?

Scrotal edema

WHat type of cysts are a normal finding on the scrotum?

Sebaceous cysts

What is typically seen in severe HF?

Scrotal edema

A maneuver used in the setting of swelling or masses. Turn off the lights, shine a flashlight behind scrotal contents.

Transillumination

Is transillumination normal or abnormal? Why?

Abnormal - B/c no light passing through is NORMAL

Protrusion of bowel outside abdominal wall:

Hernia

What type of cancer has a cure rate of near 100% prior to metastasis in settings of early detection?

Testicular cancer

Why is patient education so important regarding a testicular self-examination (TSE)?

Early detection rates

Testicular Self-Examination (TSE) T:

Timing = monthly

Testicular Self-Examination (TSE) S:

Shower with warm water to promote scrotal sac relaxation

Testicular Self-Examination (TSE) E:

Examination & note any changes / report to provider immediately

How is urine function tested?

Urinalysis (UA)

A UTI can cause ______ , which has a 40% mortality rate.

Sepsis

Infection of the kidneys / upper renal system:

Pyelonephritis

What occurs on the right side, is an immediate medical emergency, and is known as acute spermatic cord twisting?

Testicular torsion

In testicular torsion, the testis have a potential for:

Gangrene within hours, and death if blood supply is fully blocked

Hemorrhoids are common in:

The elderly

Control for the rectal external sphincter:

Voluntary

Control for the rectal internal sphincter:

Involuntary

Distal end of the large intestine, approx. 12 cm in length:

Rectum

Anterior of rectum wall:

Prostate gland

Non-specific, most commonly diagnosed cancer of males (also has higher incidence rates):

Prostate cancer (PC)

The risk for prostate cancer is higher in:

Obese male populations

Slow growing cancer that is commonly screened for around age 45-50 in the setting of so-called average risk:

Colorectal cancer (CRC)

Stool of occult blood described as black and tarry, coffee ground consistency:

Melena

Stool in the setting of biliary cirrhosis, gallstones, and hepatitis of ETOH / viral origin:

Clay colored stool

Stool containing excess of fat, typically in Crohn's disease, celiac disease, and chronic pancreatitis:

Steatorrhea

BRBPR (Term, but never document or state this):

Blood right blood per rectum

Term used for instruction of the patient to bear down:

Valsalva maneuver

Impressively painful longitudinal tear of superficial mucosa about the anal margin, also described as 'shards of glass' with stool evacuation:

Fissure

Varicose veins, so-called flabby papule:

Hemorrhoid

Protrusion of complete rectal mucous membranes, appearance can be described as a red, moist doughnut containing radiating lines:

Rectal prolapse

Name this structure:

Fistula

Name this structure:

Indurated cord

Name this structure:

Rolled-edge neoplasm

Name this condition:

Prostatitis

What structure is well aligned with the rectum?

Prostate

Name this condition:

Beniign prostatic hyperplasia (hypertrohy)

On a female, foley insertion can be:

Challenging

How many tries on a female foley insertion do you get before you have to stop?

2 tries

What occurs in females at approximately 48-51 years of age?

Menopause

What occurs when menopause begins?

Menses cessation

Number of pregnancies:

Gravida

Number of births:

Para

Abortion:

Spontaneous (miscarriage) or planned

Acute pelvic pain lasts how long?

Less than 3 months

Chronic pelvic pain lasts how long? 3 months or longer

3 months or longer

Yellow, firm, non-tender, multiple, approximately 1 cm nodules:

Sebaceous cysts

In a UA, the squamous epithelium value indicates:

If a sample is clean or dirty

Squamous epithelium value between 0 - 5:

Clean UA & reliable sample, will treat

Squamous epithelium value over 10 =

Dirty UA, not reliable at all. Re-collect sample

Chapters 25 - 27: Male & Female Genitourinary / Anus, Rectum, Prostate - Study Flashcards