Chapters 24-25 Flashcards
1
Q
the idea that man’s reason is the sole criterion for truth
A
Rationalism
2
Q
the theory that experience is the only source of knowledge
A
Empiricism
3
Q
the philosophical doctrine that the truth of all knowledge must always be in question
A
Skepticism
4
Q
the belief in an impersonal God
A
Deism
5
Q
The two most influential French thinkers of the Enlightenment
A
Voltaire, the “Father of the Enlightenment,” and Rousseau, the “Father of French Romanticism”
6
Q
What is the desire to break loose form their established governments and rule themselves based on what they saw as “natural” boundaries of national origin?
A
Revolutionary nationalism
7
Q
Who were the three most influential thinkers of the Age of Revolution?
A
Immanuel Kant, Hegel, and Schleiermacher
8
Q
Who developed the philosophy of idealism?
A
Kant
9
Q
Who introduced dialectic thinking?
A
G. W. F. Hegel
10
Q
Who is called the Father of Theological Liberalism?
A
F. Schleiermacher
11
Q
Who popularized evolution?
A
Darwin, Huxley, and Spencer
12
Q
What philosophical idea reduces man to a complex machine whose personality is merely an interrelation of chemical and physical properties?
A
materialism
13
Q
“the greatest good for the greatest number” and “from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs”
A
socialism
14
Q
Who was responsible for the rise of modern socialism?
A
Karl Marx, the “Father of Communism”
15
Q
What social political party was formed in Germany?
A
Social Democratic Party
16
Q
Who was the aggressive, militaristic leader of Germany in the early 1900s?
A
Kaiser Wilhelm II
17
Q
Who was the Secretary of State known for his work in settling international disputes through arbitration?
A
W. J. Bryan
18
Q
Pre-WWI alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
A
Triple Alliance
19
Q
Pre-WWI alliance: Great Britain, France, and Russia
A
Triple Entente
20
Q
Where was the center of the European rivalry?
A
the Balkan Peninsula
21
Q
What event sparked WWI?
A
the assassination of Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife
22
Q
When did the Great War begin?
A
Austria declared war on Serbia on July 28, 1914
23
Q
WWI alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Turkey
A
Central Powers
24
Q
WWI alliance: Great Britain, France, Russia, Serbia, Belgium, Romania, Japan, Portugal, Montenegro, Greece, and Italy
A
Allies
25
Intentional destruction of property
sabotage
26
Items that may be seized when headed for an enemy port in wartime
contraband of war
27
What new weapon did Germany introduce in WWI?
the U-boat (submarine)
28
What British luxury liner was sunk by the Germans in 1915?
the Lusitania
29
Agreement in which Germany pledged not to sink merchant vessels without warning and stipulated that the US must persuade Great Britain to abide by the "rules of international law" in conducting its blockade of German ports
Sussex Pledge
30
What act provided for an increase in the size of the regular army and the organizing of a national guard?
National Defense Act (1916)
31
What two events helped bring America into the war?
Germany's unrestricted submarine warfare and the Zimmerman note
32
When did Congress declare war on Germany?
April 6, 1917
33
What act instituted the draft?
Selective Service Act
34
What loan drives were conducted during the war?
Liberty Loan drives
35
What loan drive was conducted in 1919?
the Victory Loan drive
36
What was created to regulate all phases of industrial production and distribution during the war?
War Industries Board
37
Who supervised the nation's railroads?
William G. McAdoo
38
What was created to act as a court of arbitration to settle labor disputes?
National War Labor Board
39
Who headed the National War Labor Board?
William Howard Taft
40
Who wrote the American's Creed?
William Tyler Page
41
Who led the Food Administration?
Herbert Hoover
42
What was established to supervise the rationing of fuel in both factories and homes?
Fuel Administration
43
What was created to help boost support for the war cause?
Committee of Public Information
44
What act provided stiff penalties for anyone who furnished information which would aid the enemy, obstruct recruiting, or encourage insubordination in the armed forces?
Espionage Act
45
Who was arrested under the terms of the Espionage Act?
Eugene Debs
46
Where did the French force the Germans to retreat from?
Verdun
47
In which battle did the British introduce the tank?
Battle of the Somme
48
In what battle did the British badly cripple the German fleet of destroyers, battleships, and cruisers, making it nearly inactive?
Battle of Jutland
49
What was America's greatest contribution to the war?
destroyers
50
Who commanded American troops in France?
General John J. ("Blackjack") Pershing
51
What were American soldiers called?
"doughboys"
52
What was the term used for pilots who downed at least five enemy aircraft?
"aces"
53
Who was the most famous ace?
Eddie Rickenbacker
54
Who led the Bolsheviks in Russia?
Lenin
55
What treaty pulled Russia out of WWI?
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
56
What was the name for the famous German long-range gun?
Big Bertha
57
Who commanded the Allied forces?
Marshal Foch
58
Who became a hero during the Meuse-Argonne campaign?
Alvin York
59
What was President Wilson's list of war aims called?
Fourteen Points
60
On what date was the armistice signed?
November 11, 1918
61
Where was the postwar Peace Conference held?
Versailles, France
62
Who were the "Big Four"?
Wilson (US), D. Lloyd George (England), Georges Clemenceau (France), Vittorio Orlando (Italy)
63
What international body was organized to keep peace between nations?
League of Nations
64
What were the three major provisions of the Treaty of Versailles?
German territorial losses, demilitarization of Germany, and reparation and admission of guilt
65
What was the only strategic nation that didn't sign the Treaty of Versailles?
The United States
66
What US Senator strongly opposed accepting the treaty and joining the League of Nations?
Henry Cabot Lodge
67
Whose Presidential campaign platform called for a "return to normalcy"?
Warren G. Harding
68
Who was elected to the Presidency in 1920?
Harding
69
Who was the most influential black leader who helped found the NAACP?
W.E.B. Du Bois
70
Who was the most notorious "gangster" of the 1920s?
Al Capone
71
What terrorist organization was founded in Moscow in 1919?
Third International
72
Who planned and led the violent steelworkers' strike of 1919?
William Z. Foster
73
Who took action against Communist violence by establishing the General Intelligence Division and launching anti-Communist raids?
A. Mitchell Palmer
74
Who headed the General Intelligence Division?
J. Edgar Hoover
75
What court case was a result of the Red Scare?
Sacco-Vanzetti case
76
What conference did President Harding call in an attempt to encourage disarmament to ease tensions in the Far East?
the Washington Conference for Limitation of Armaments
77
What three major treaties resulted from the Washington Conference for Limitation of Armaments?
The Five Power Treaty, the Four Power Treaty, and the Nine Power Treaty
78
Where was the World Court established?
at the Hague (Netherlands)
79
What comprehensive tariff passed in 1922 raised the tariff rates?
Fordney-McCumber Tariff
80
What act provided for a unified yearly budget for the federal government?
National Budget Act (1921)
81
What was created by the National Budget Act?
the Bureau of the Budget
82
What bureau was established to help veterans who had been incapacitated in the service of their country?
Veterans' Bureau
83
What was founded by Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. in Paris in 1919 and soon became known for its patriotism, conservatism, and anti-Communism?
The American Legion
84
How many immigrants were allowed to enter the country per year according to Congressional action of 1929?
150,000
85
What senator from New Mexico became Secretary of Interior and caused the Teapot Dome Scandal during the Harding Administration?
Albert B. Fall
86
What was the biggest scandal to mar the Harding Administration?
The Teapot Dome Scandal
87
What man led the nation through most of the "Roaring Twenties"?
Calvin Coolidge
88
Who was the first VP to attend cabinet meetings?
Coolidge
89
In which presidential campaign was the radio first used extensively?
election of 1924
90
What was established in 1922 to deal with the issue of Allied war debt?
World War Foreign Debt Commission
91
What plan kept total German debt the same but temporarily lowered payments to help Germany through economic hard times?
Dawes Plan
92
What plan reduced Germany's total debt and extended the payment period?
Young Plan
93
What was the most astounding attempt at achieving permanent international peace in the twenties?
the Paris Peace Pact
94
What term means to take forcibly the ownership of?
nationalize
95
What was Coolidge's major achievement in Latin American affairs?
establishing a more cordial relationship with Mexico
96
What are wages in relation to buying power?
real wages
97
What is the taking of land by mortgage holders?
foreclosure
98
What bill passed both houses of Congress and proposed the establishment of a government agency to buy the American farmers' surplus crops and then resell them, at a loss, on the world market? It was vetoed by Coolidge.
McNary-Haugen Bill
99
What act during Hoover's Administration established a Federal Farm Board?
Agricultural Marketing Act
100
When did Ford develop the assembly line process and mass production?
1913
101
In 1927, who made the first solo flight across the Atlantic?
Charles Lindbergh
102
What Navy admiral flew over the North Pole?
Admiral Richard Byrd
103
What was the first commercial radio station? When did it go on the air?
KDKA; 1920
104
What was the first national radio network?
The National Broadcasting Company (NBC)
105
Who swam the English Channel in a record 14 1/2 hours?
Gertrude Ederle
106
What was the message of the modernists called?
"the social gospel"
107
Who was known as the "Prophet of the Social Gospel"?
Walter Rauschenbush
108
Who was one of the most popular advocates of the social gospel?
Harry Emerson Fosdick
109
What is the outward union of all churches and sects into one organization regardless of doctrinal differences?
false ecumenism
110
What was formed as a result of false ecumenism?
the National Council of Churches
111
Who formulated psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Freud
112
Who taught the belief in economic determinism?
Charles Beard
113
Who was the pragmatic philosopher?
William James
114
advocated progressive education
John Dewey
115
What is the belief that matters of morality should be based on consideration of the well-being of mankind in the present life, to the exclusion of all considerations drawn from belief in God or in a future state?
secularism
116
Name the two existentialists.
Kierkegaard and Nietzche
117
What dramatized the impact of Darwinism on American thought?
the Scopes Trial (1925)
118
Who volunteered to prosecute the Scopes Trial?
William J. Bryan
119
Who volunteered to defend Scopes?
Clarence Darrow
120
Who was called "God's Oilman" and financed the publication of The Fundamentals?
Lyman Stewart
121
What collection of essays presents the fundamentals of the Christian faith?
The Fundamentals
122
3 Princeton scholars who defended the Bible against modernism
J. Gresham Machen, Robert Dick Wilson, and Benjamin Warfield
123
What Baptist professor added to the understanding of the Scriptures with his studies in the Greek New Testament?
A. T. Robertson
124
What Scottish archaeologist found the book of Acts to be thoroughly accurate?
Sir William Ramsay
125
Who was the master of apologetics who convincingly refuted the theory of evolution through his many books, lectures, and debates?
Harry Rimmer
126
3 influential Bible teachers of the early 20th century
James M. Gray, Lewis Sperry Chafer (known for his Systematic Theology), and Harry Ironside
127
outstanding pastors of the Fundamentalist movement
A. C. Dixon, T. T. Shields, J. Frank Norris, R. G. Lee
128
Who preached the sermon "Payday Someday" over 1,000 times?
R. G. Lee
129
What British minister and Bible scholar has been called the "Prince of Expositors"?
G. Campbell Morgan
130
Who started the revival weekly, the Sword of the Lord?
John R. Rice
131
3 famous radio preachers
Charles E. Fuller, W. A. Maier, and Dr. M. R. DeHaan
132
Who was called "the Moody of the South"?
Same Jones
133
Who was the "baseball evangelist"?
Billy Sunday
134
Who serves as billy Sunday's music director in the revival campaigns?
Homer Rodeheaver
135
Who was the "Apostle to the Skeptics"?
R. A. Torrey
136
Who founded 67 rescue missions in the US?
Mel Trotter
137
What famous evangelist was born in a gypsy wagon?
Rodney ("Gypsy") Smith
138
When was the 18th Amendment ratified?
1919
139
What Act put the 18th Amendment into effect?
Volstead Act
140
What amendment prohibited the sale of alcoholic beverages?
18th Amendment
