Chapters 18-20 Flashcards
1
Q
What were the two companies that built the Transcontinental Railroad?
A
Union Pacific and Central Pacific
2
Q
When was the Transcontinental Railroad completed?
A
May 10, 1869, at Promontory Point, Utah
3
Q
What transcontinental railroad was built without federal funds? Who built and promoted it?
A
the Great Northern; James J. Hill
4
Q
What was the greatest decade of railroad growth in America?
A
1880s
5
Q
Who developed the integrated rail system?
A
Cornelius Vanderbuilt
6
Q
Who came to control railways in the South?
A
Jay Gould
7
Q
Who invented the sleeping car?
A
George Pullman
8
Q
Who invented air brakes?
A
George Westinghouse
9
Q
Who died while trying to stop his crashing “Cannonball”?
A
Casey Jones
10
Q
What company dominated the telegraph network?
A
Western Union Company
11
Q
What name was given to the West?
A
the Last Frontier
12
Q
Where was gold discovered in Colorado in 1858?
A
Pike’s Peak
13
Q
What mine yielded $300 million worth of silver in the first 20 years of its operation?
A
Comstock Lode
14
Q
Industry in Kansas City and Chicago as a result of the beef business
A
meatpacking
15
Q
A favorite route of the cattle drivers
A
Chisholm Trail
16
Q
What was the most important factor to stimulate Western settlement?
A
the Homestead Act of 1862
17
Q
Two types of prairie homes
A
Dugout and Sod house
18
Q
Two types of prairie homes
A
Dugout and Sod house
19
Q
Staple food of prairie families
A
corn
20
Q
Who invented the steel plow
A
John Deere
21
Q
Chilled-iron plow
A
James Oliver
22
Q
Barbed wire
A
Joseph Glidden
23
Q
Who owned the largest flour mills in the world?
A
John S. Pillsbury
24
Q
What state entered the Union in 1876?
A
Colorado; “Centennial State”
25
"Boomers" or "eighty-niners" are from which state?
Oklahoma
26
In what year did the federal government announce that the frontier line was "no longer discernible"?
1890
27
What was the most famous battle of the Sioux War of 1876-1877? What US colonel died in the battle? Who led the Sioux in this battle?
Little Big Horn; Colonel George Armstrong Custer; Crazy Horse and Rain-in-the-Face
28
Who was the famous Apache leader?
Geronimo
29
Who was the noble leader of the Nez Perce?
Chief Joseph
30
Where did the last battle between Indians and federal troops take place?
Wounded Knee, South Dakota (Dec 1890)
31
Who wrote A Century of Dishonor?
Helen Hunt Jackson
32
What act broke up tribal lands into separate plots and offered land and US citizenship to any head of an Indian family who would separate from any tribe and adopt civilized life habits?
Dawes Act (1887)
33
What act encouraged traditional tribal life on reservations?
Indian Reorganization Act (1932)
34
In what year was the telephone invented?
1876
35
What was the first telephone company?
Bell Telephone Company
36
Where did Edison establish the first modern scientific laboratory?
Menlo Park, New Jersey
37
What invention had the most profound effect upon the 20th century?
The incandescent light bulb
38
What company produced the twine binder?
McCormick Company
39
planting a different crop each year to avoid depleting the soil of needed nutrients
crop rotation
40
Who produced the thornless cactus and a new variety of potato?
Luther Burbank
41
Who found a variety of wheat that would grow with very little rainfall?
Mark Carleton
42
Who is the best-remembered agricultural scientist who found over 300 uses for the peanut?
G. W. Carver
43
What department was established in 1862?
The Department of Agriculture
44
What act made available to states federal funds to establish agricultural experimental stations?
Hatch Act (1887)
45
What act authorized the establishment of an Extension Service within the Department of Agriculture?
Smith-Lever Act (1914)
46
What act provided federal funds to help high schools finance courses in agriculture, home economics, and other vocational subjects?
Smith-Hughes Act (1917)
47
What is an economic system in which individuals are free to follow their economic pursuits as they see fit?
Capitalism (free enterprise)
48
What was the greatest factor in America's rise to prosperity?
the character of her people
49
What section of the country produced textiles, shoes, and paper?
New England
50
What section of the country was known for its meatpacking and milling industries?
the Midwest
51
What city became the iron and steel center of the nation?
Pittsburgh
52
What was known as the "Pittsburgh of the South"?
Birmingham, Alabama
53
What two men, working independently of each other, each discovered that a blast of hot air could be used to remove impurities from molten iron?
Henry Bessemer and William Kelly
54
Who became the leading producer of iron and steel in the US?
Andrew Carnegie
55
What is a person who organizes and manages a business undertaking?
An entrepreneur
56
Who organized Carnegie Steel and was America's wealthiest financier of the 19th century?
J. P. Morgan
57
Who is best remembered for helping to finance the founding of public libraries across the US and England?
Carnegie
58
Who is best remembered for helping to finance the founding of public libraries across the US and England?
Carnegie
59
Who drilled the first oil well in the US?
Edwin L. Drake
60
What oil company was organized by John D. Rockefeller?
Standard Oil Company
61
What is formed when a group of businessmen receive a charter of incorporation from a state government?
Corporation
62
What is a business owned by one individual called?
A proprietorship
63
What are businesses with virtually no competition?
monopolies
64
What attempted to force railroads to charge equal freight rates to all shippers?
Granger laws
65
What Congressional act of 1887 forbade railroads to to grant rebates, charge more for short hauls than for long hauls, or to engage in certain other competitive practices?
the Interstate Commerce Act (1887)
66
What was the nation's first federal regulatory agency?
The ICC (Interstate Commerce Commission)
67
What is the tight government control of trade?
mercantilism
68
What is trade without government regulations or tariffs?
free trade
69
Who was the man largely responsible for the laissez-faire policy and for the rise and triumph of capitalism?
Adam Smith
70
What act declared illegal any "combination in the from of trust or otherwise" that was "in restraint of trade of commerce among the several states, or with foreign nations"?
Sherman Antitrust Act (1890)
71
What is the only economic system capable of providing the greatest material benefits for the greatest number of people?
Free enterprise
72
What nickname did Mark Twain give the Age of Industry?
the "Gilded Age"
73
What railroad company welcomed Chinese workers?
Central Pacific Railroad
74
What missionary to China started a Presbyterian mission for the Chinese in San Fransisco?
William Speer
75
What act barred Chinese laborers from entering the US for ten years?
Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)
76
When was the Great Chicago Fire?
1871
77
Who founded the Hull House?
Jane Addams
78
What was the largest suspension bridge in the world when it was completed in 1883?
Brooklyn Bridge
79
Who was the chief engineer of the Brooklyn Bridge?
John A. Roebling
80
Who was the Father of the Modern Skyscraper?
Louis Sullivan
81
Who designed NYC's Central Park?
Fredrick Law Olmstead
82
When was the World's Columbian Exposition held in Chicago?
1893
83
What was the first successful national labor union in the US? Who founded it?
American Federation of Labor (A. F. of L.); Samuel Gompers
84
What is the refusal to work?
strike
85
What was the most important strike of the era (late 19th century)?
Pullman Strike of 1894
86
What is a court order forbidding the performance of a particular act?
injunction
87
Who became a leader among American socialists and ran for Presidency five times on the Socialist party ticket?
Eugene Debs
88
What social class became the American ideal?
middle class
89
Who owned the Philadelphia store that was considered the precursor to the department store?
John Wanamaker
90
What was the first state to grant women full political privileges?
Wyoming
91
Two prominent women in the women's rights movement
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony
92
What was the first typewritten manuscript to go to a printer?
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
93
What was the first professional baseball team?
Cincinnati Red Stockings
94
Who invented basketball?
James Naismith
95
What name was given to the 1890s?
"Gay Nineties"
96
What was the great recreational craze of the 1890s?
bicycling
97
What was the most important institution in rural communities?
the local church
98
Who pioneered the mail-order business?
Aaron Montgomery Ward
99
Who was America's best-known urban evangelist? Who was his song leader?
Dwight L. Moody; Ira Sankey
100
What mission was founded in Chicago in 1877 to help the outcasts of society?
Pacific Garden Mission
101
What was founded by General William Booth in England?
The Salvation Army
102
Who was one of the best-known home missionaries of the late 1800s?
Sheldon Jackson
103
What Chinese missionary had a great influence on his own country?
Charles Jones Soong
104
What percentage of Americans were literate by 1900?
nearly 90%
105
Who wrote the Pledge of Allegiance?
Francis Bellamy
106
What act granted each state land for new colleges and universities?
Morrill Act (1862)
107
What adult education movement began as a training session for Sunday school teachers?
Chautauqua Movement
108
What women's organization did much to combat the use of alcohol?
Woman's Christian Temperance Union
109
Who was the most dynamic leader of the WCTU?
Frances Willard
110
Who was the first newspaper publisher to reach a large audience?
Joseph Pulitzer
111
Who owned the New York Journal?
William Randolph Hearst
112
Who said, "Dr. Livingston, I presume?"
Henry M. Stanley
113
What machine printed on both sides of the paper at the same time?
web press
114
What machine cast rows of type directly from molten metal?
linotype machine
115
Who was the most famous local color writer?
Samuel Clemens (Mark Twain)
116
Who wrote Uncle Remus tales?
J. Chandler Harris
117
What were the two best-selling novels of the late 19th century? Who wrote them?
Ben-Hur (General Lew Wallace) and In His Steps (Charles M. Sheldon)
118
Who was one of the most accomplished poets of the South?
Sidney Lanier
119
Who was the Hoosier Poet?
James Whitcomb Riley
120
Three Naturalistic writers
Garland, Crane, London
120
Three Naturalistic writers
Garland, Crane, London
