Chapters 23/24 (Nation-Building and Imperialism) Flashcards
A conflict fought between 1853 and 1856 over Russian desires to expand into Ottoman territory; Russia was defeated by France, Britain, and the Ottomans, underscoring the need for reform in the Russian Empire.
Crimean War
A massacre of peaceful protesters at the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg in 1905, triggering a revolution that overturned absolute tsarist rule and made Russia into a conservative constitutional monarchy.
Bloody Sunday
Bismarck’s attack on the Catholic Church within Germany from 1870 to 1878, resulting from Pius IX’s declaration of papal infallibility.
Kulturkampf
The popularly elected lower house of government of the new German Empire after 1871.
The Reichstag
the theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same laws of natural selection as plants and animals. Used to justify political conservatism, imperialism, and racism
Social Darwinism
hostility to or prejudice against Jewish people.
Anti-Semitism
the autocratic king of Sardinia-Piedmont, and retained the liberal constitution granted by his father under duress the previous year
(Political leader in Italy)
Victor Emmanuel II
A nobleman who made a substantial fortune in business before entering politics, had limited and realistic national goals for Italy
(Political leader in Italy)
Count Camillo Benso di Cavour
Superpatriots of Italy; the son of a poor sailor, they personified the romantic, revolutionary nationalism and republicanism of Mazzini and 1848. Leading a corps of volunteers against Austria in 1859, becoming an independent force in Italian politics.
Giuseppe Garibaldi
German Customs Union, that Austria was left out of.
Zollverein
Master of practical politics who first honed his political skills as a high-ranking diplomat for the Prussian government, later became the main factor for Germany becoming one.
Otto von Bismarck
only seven weeks long
The Prussian army defeated Austria decisively at the Battle of Sadowa. Anticipating Prussia’s future needs, Bismarck offered Austria generous peace terms. Austria paid no reparations and lost no territory to Prussia, although Venetia was ceded to Italy.
Austro-Prussian War
Settler colonies with established populations of Europeans, such as North America, Australia, New Zealand, and Latin America, where Europe found outlets for population growth and its most profitable investment opportunities in the nineteenth century.
Neo-Europes
Two mid-nineteenth-century conflicts between China and Great Britain over the British trade in opium, which were designed to “open” China to European free trade. In defeat, China gave European traders and missionaries increased protection and concessions.
Opium War
Policies and beliefs, often influenced by nationalism, scientific racism, and mass migration, that give preferential treatment to established inhabitants over immigrants.
Nativism
The late-nineteenth-century drive by European countries to create vast political empires abroad.
(Taking over and controlling other areas)
Imperialism
A meeting of European leaders held in 1884 and 1885 in order to lay down some basic rules for imperialist competition in sub-Saharan Africa.
Berlin Conference
The idea that Europeans could and should civilize more primitive nonwhite peoples and that imperialism would eventually provide nonwhites with modern achievements and higher standards of living.
White Man’s Burden
prime minister of Britain’s Cape Colony, British colonists leapfrogged over the two Afrikaner states.
epitomized the dynamism and the ruthlessness of the New Imperialism
developed fabulously rich gold mines in the Transvaal, built a corporate monopoly, claimed vast tracts in Africa, and established the famous scholarships to develop colonial (and American) leaders who would love and strengthen the British Empire.
Cecil Rhodes
King of Belgium
an energetic, strong-willed monarch of a tiny country with a lust for distant territory, an expansion that focused on central Africa
King Leopold II
a sensation-seeking journalist and part-time explorer
~
established trading stations, signed unfair treaties with African chiefs, and planted the Belgian flag
Henry M. Stanley
radical English economist and wrote Imperialism (1902)
Deeply angered by British tactics, so he argued that the quest for empire diverted popular attention away from domestic reform and the need to reduce the great gap between rich and poor.
J. A. Hobson
The restoration of the Japanese emperor to power in 1867, leading to the subsequent modernization of Japan.
Meiji Restoration
China’s last Monarchs family tree
After thousands of years of emperors, a loose coalition of revolutionaries proclaimed a Western-style republic and called for an elected parliament. The transformation of China under the impact of expanding Western society entered a new phase, and the end was not in sight. After toppling the …
(2 words)
Qing Dynasty
