Chapter 15 - Absolutism (The Royals) Flashcards
when a state possesses a monopoly over the instruments of justice and the use of force within clearly defined boundaries, territory
Sovereignty
the political doctrine and practice of unlimited centralized authority and absolute sovereignty, as vested especially in a monarch or dictator
Absolutism
A form of government in which power is limited by law and balanced between the authority and power of the government, on the one hand, and the rights and liberties of the subjects or citizens on the other hand; could include constitutional monarchies or republics. (king and rules they have to follow)
Constitutionalism
A system of economic regulations aimed at increasing the power of the state based on the belief that a nation’s international power was based on its wealth, specifically its supply of gold and silver.
Mercantilism
- The English military dictatorship (1653–1658) established by Oliver Cromwell following the execution of Charles
- legislative power rested in the surviving members of Parliament, and executive power was lodged in a council of state.
Protectorate
The nobility of Brandenburg and Prussia, they were reluctant allies of Frederick William in his consolidation of the Prussian state.
Junkers
“Sun King.”
- a strong-willed ruler who was determined to make his subjects obey him and to make his kingdom the predominant power in Europe.
- he kept France at war for thirty-three of the fifty-four years of his personal rule
(French)
Louis XIV
- a financial genius, central principle was that the wealth and the economy of France should serve the state
- insisted that French industry should produce everything needed by the French people.
- supported old industries and created new ones, focusing especially on textiles, which were the most important sector of manufacturing
- enacted new production regulations, created guilds to boost quality standards, and encouraged foreign craftsmen to immigrate to France. To encourage the purchase of French goods, he abolished many domestic tariffs and raised tariffs on foreign products.
(France’s Financial adviser for Louis XIV)
Jean-Baptiste Colbert
Succeeded Elizabeth I, start of the Stuart Dynasty
believed that a monarch has a DIVINE RIGHT to his authority and is responsible only to God
(English I /Scottish VII )
James I
accepted these principles when they took the throne, and the House of Parliament passed the Bill of Rights in December 1689.
the “Glorious Revolution”
WIlliam + Mary
held a pessimistic view of human nature and believed that, left to themselves, humans would compete violently for power and wealth.
Only solution… was a social contract in which all members of society placed themselves under the absolute rule of the sovereign, who would maintain peace and order. (English)
Philosopher in support for absolute monarchs
Thomas Hobbes
always wore an army uniform; always wore an army uniform; combined with harsh peasant bondage and Junker tyranny, laid the foundations for a highly militaristic country (Prussia)
Frederick William I
1740–1780 Reign empress of Austria
Maria Theresa
began a campaign of persecution against those he suspected of opposing him
combined domestic oppression with external aggression. His reign was successful in defeating the remnants of Mongol power, adding vast new territories to the realm, and laying the foundations for the huge, multiethnic Russian empire
(Russia)
Ivan IV (The Terrible)
known for establishing educational reform, championing the arts, and extending Russia’s borders in the largest territorial gain since Ivan the Terrible. (Russia)
Catherine the Great
was the most destructive event for the central European economy and society prior to the world wars of the twentieth century. Perhaps one-third of urban residents and two-fifths of the rural population died
The Thirty Years’ War
The name of a series of treaties that concluded the Thirty Years’ War in 1648 and marked the end of large-scale religious violence in Europe.
Peace of Westphalia
A series of violent uprisings during the early reign of Louis XIV triggered by growing royal control and increased taxation.
The Fronde
Charles II of Spain put Phillip V of Spain (his great-nephew) into power but he was Louis XIV grandson and the rest of Europe did not like this so it started this war… and then they used Peace of Utrecht to settle the dispute.
The… was a European great power conflict that took place from 1701 to 1714
War of Spanish Succession
The English call the events of 1688 and 1689 the “…” because they believe it replaced one king with another with barely any bloodshed during William and Mary’s turn to the throne.
The Glorious Revolution
(1642–1649) pitted the power of the king against that of the Parliament
Parliament’s New Model Army defeated the king’s armies at the Battles of Naseby and Langport in the summer of 1645. Charles, though, refused to concede defeat.
In 1649 the remaining representatives put Charles on trial for high treason. Charles was found guilty and beheaded on January 30, 1649, an act that sent shock waves around Europe.
The English Civil War
Broke out as Peter attacked Sweden(with assistance from Poland and Denmark) in his quest to establish a Russian trading port on the Baltic. After being routed initially, Peter re-organized his army on the western model and eventually gained Estonia, Livonia, and Karella on the Baltic. War is decided with the Battle of Poltava, but ends with the Peace of Mystadt in 1721. Sweden becomes a second-rate power after the war.
Great Northern War
