Chapters 23-24 Flashcards
1
Q
What was the Old Regime of France in the 1770’s, and what were the 2 estates under it? (3 pts)
23.1
A
- the social and political system of France
- the Privileged estates: the First estate of the Catholic Clergy and the Second estate of the rich nobles (paid few taxes)
- the Third Estate: included the bourgeoisie middle class (rich like the nobles but paid many taxes), the workers that were really poor, and the peasants
2
Q
What factors contributed to the revolutionary movement in France? (3 pts)
23.1
A
- enlightenment ideas
- economic troubles
- a weak leader (Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette)
3
Q
What was the Estates-General and what did they do during the French Revolution? (2 pts)
23.1
A
- an assembly of representatives from all 3 estates
- they met to vote on Louis XVI’s idea to tax the nobility to get out of debt
4
Q
What was the National Assembly, how was it formed, and what was their Tennis Court Oath? (2 pts)
23.1
A
- the Third Estate broke away from the Estates-General and formed the National Assembly, which gave the French people a reformed representative government and ended absolute monarchy
- the Tennis Court Oath was formed after they got locked out of their Estates-General meeting room, so they pledged to stay in the tennis court until they drew up a new constitution
5
Q
What happened on Bastille day and what was the Great Fear? (2 pts)
23.1
A
- on France’s national holiday Bastille Day, a mob stormed the Bastille (a Paris prison) in search of gunpowder and weapons, this day became a great symbolic act of revolution
- the Great Fear was a wave of senseless panic throughout France that the peasants would all get killed, so they pretty much turned into outlaws and destroyed noble’s houses
6
Q
What were the National Assembly reforms? (4 pts)
23.2
A
- they adopted the Declaration of the Rights of Man, saying that men are born free and equal in rights
- had the slogan “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”
- the state controlled the Church now
- Louis XVI tried to run away but got caught
7
Q
What was the Legislative Assembly that the National Assembly made? (2 points)
23.2
A
- it was a legislative body that had the power to make laws and approve or reject wars; stripped the king of a lot of power
- split into the left Radicals that hated monarchy and wanted a lot of change, middle Moderates, and right Conservatives that didn’t want to change the government
8
Q
What were the Émigrés and sans-culottes? (2 pts)
23.2
A
- the Émigrés were nobles that had fled France and wanted to undo the revolution to restore the Old Regime
- the sans-culottes (“those without knee breeches”) were shopkeepers that exerted power on the streets of Paris to fire up the Revolution
9
Q
What happened in the French War against Austria and Prussia in 1792? (4 pts)
23.2
A
- the Austrians and Prussians wanted France to restore Louis XVI as absolute monarch, this made the Parisians mad
- Parisian mobs imprisoned Louis XVI and his family and invaded and killed the nobles and supporters of the king that were in jail
- the Legislative Assembly set aside the Constitution of 1791 that dissolved the National Assembly and made the National Convention
- the National Convention abolished monarchy and made France a republic
10
Q
Who were the Jacobins? (2 pts)
23.2
A
- a radical political club that wanted to kill everyone that supported Louis XVI
- its National Convention members influenced Louis XVI’s trial and sentenced him to death by the guillotine on January 21, 1793
11
Q
Who was Maximilien Robespierre and what was the Reign of Terror? (5 pts)
23.2
A
- he was a Jacobin leader that gained power and became the head of the Committee of Public Safety, which was set to keep the revolution safe from its enemies
- he became the dictator of France and his one year rule was the Reign of Terror
- he wanted to get rid of France’s past and even changed its calendar and closed its churches
- over 40,000 people were executed for “going against the revolution”
- when the National Convention turned on him and he was executed, the Reign of Terror ended
12
Q
How did Napoleon Bonaparte seize fame and then power in his coup d’état? (3 pts)
23.3
A
- he became the hero of the hour when he successfully defended the National Convention delegates from royalist rebels
- when the Directory lost power, Napoleon’s troops made the lawmakers of national legislator appoint Napoleon as one of 3 consuls, and from there Napoleon became dictator in a sudden blow to power known as a coup d’état
- a plebiscite (vote of the people) also approved of a new constitution and gave Napoleon real power
13
Q
How did Napoleon fix France? (5 pts)
23.3
A
- he fixed the economy with a better taxation system
- he set up lycées (government run schools) to educate future governmental officials
- he signed a concordat (agreement) with Pope Pious VII to bring back the Church and have separation of Church and State
- he made the Napoleonic Code, a set of laws that eliminated injustices but also gave people less freedom
- it restricted freedom of speech and press
14
Q
How did Napoleon make his empire? (4 pts)
23.3
A
- he crowned himself as emperor of France
- he sold the Louisiana territory to the US for more money and to make another rival against England
- he used his brilliant military tactics to take over Europe and force Austria, Prussia, and Russia to sign peace treaties
- he never could defeat the British though, his major loss was the Battle of Trafalger against Britain’s navy
15
Q
What happened to the Continental System? (4 pts)
23.3
A
- Napoleon set up a blockade to prevent trade between Great Britain and other European nations
- he called this the Continental System because it was supposed to make Europe self-sufficient and destroy England’s economy
- it didn’t really work and people smuggled things very easily
- England also enforced its own much stronger blockade that forced all neutral ships to be searched and taxed
