Chapters 16-18 Flashcards
-wide range of conditions that lead to low oxygen states in the heart muscle; also known as myocardial ischemia
Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
-a condition in which a coronary artery has been damaged
coronary artery disease
-a condition in which fatty substances and other debris are deposited on the arterial walls
Atherosclerosis
- calcium is deposited in the arteries
- hardening of the arteries
- a disease condition in which the arteries lose their elasticity
arteriosclerosis
-fatty deposits on the arterial walls
plaque
- pain in the chest
- heart’s hunger for oxygen
Angina Pectoris
- victim has increased the heart’s workload and its demand for oxygen usually by PE or excitement
- no permanent damage to the heart
Stable Angina Pectoris
- not relieved by rest
- requires treatment with nitroglycerin or other cardiac medications
unstable angina pectoris
signs of congestive heart failure
- sweating
- rapid heart rate
- paleness
- swelling
- labored breathing
- heart attack
- blood supply to heart is restricted or cut off
Myocardial Infarction
heart muscle
Myocardium
heart attack without pain
silent myocardial infarction
ACS
Acute coronary Syndrome
what is critical in the treatment of ACS?
Time
What do you do for someone who is having heart problems and is responsive?
- chew one adult or 2 baby aspirin
- loosen restrictive clothing
- monitor vital signs
any disease that impairs circulation to the brain
stroke
3rd most common cause of death in this country
Stroke
- one of the 2 general types of strokes
- caused by a ruptured vessel in the brain
- leads to brain cell death
hemorrhagic stroke
clot that builds up over time in a cerebral artery
Thrombus
-a type of ischemic stroke, caused when a cerebral artery is blocked by a clot (thrombus) lodged inside the brain
Thrombotic stroke
-one of the 2 general types of strokes; caused by a clot inside the brain
ischemic stroke
-brief attacks similar to strokes that occur when arterial blockage is partial or brief
Transient ischemic attack
-a type of ischemic stroke caused by a clot blocking a cerebral artery
embolic stroke
T/F Atherosclerosis results when fatty substances and other debris are deposited on the inner lining of the arterial wall
True
T/F Angina does not always cause pain
False
T/F stable angina pain is usually relieved by rest
True
T/F angina pain is usually on the left side
False
T/F It is easy to differentiate between the pain of angina pectrois and myocardial infarction
F
T/F about 25% of all myocardial infarction victims have no chest pain
T
T/F the pain of myocardial infarction lasts longer than 30 minutes and is usually under the sternum, radiating to the neck, jaw, left shoulder and left arm
true
T/F congestive heart failure with respiratory difficulty is life threatening and requires immediate care
True
the major symptom of myocardial infarction is cyanosis
False
T/F victims of heart disease emergencies should be put in a prone posititon
False
most acute heart attacks are caused by blockage of the _____ artery
coronary
which of the following heart conditions would probably develop over a period of several months?
congestive heart failure
Which is not a first aid care measure for a cardiac victim?
assist with prescribed nitroglycerin
-shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
dyspnea
is dyspnea a disease?
no
-range of diseases, including emphysema and chronic bronchitis
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
number one cause of COPD
smoking
a respiratory disease characterized by overinflated alveoli
emphysema
signs of emphysema
- weight lost
- limitation of activity
- coughing up small amounts of mucus
- difficult exhalation
- barrel shaped chest
typical victim with chronic bronchitis
heavy cigarette smoker
extrinsic asthma
- allergic asthma
- season
- children
intrinsic asthma
- nonallergenic
- adults
- emotion, fumes, infections, aspirin
generalized spasm of the bronchi
bronchospasm
a group of illnesses characterized by lung inflammation and fluid or pus filled alveoli
pneumonia
signs of pneumonia
- fever
- chills that shake the bed
- look awful
overbreathing
hyperventilation
hyperventilation is breathing at a rate of
faster than 40 breaths per minute
signs of hyperventilation
- anxiety
- air hunger
- giddiness or unusual behavior
T/F victims with emphysema are usually cyanotic
False
Which of the following is a COPD condition?
atherosclerosis
how many diabetics are in the US?
14 million
-half dont know they have it
hormone needed to facilitate movement of glucose out of the bloodstream, across the cell membranes and into the cells
-made by the pancreas
Insulin
glucose
sugar
all organs are affected by insulin except
the brain
when glucose does not get delivered to the cells, the cells resort to using
fat and protein
Type 1 Diabetes
- insulin dependent
- begins in childhood
- juvenile onset
Type 2 Diabetes
- noninsulin dependent
- couch potatoes
- adult onset diabetes
- cells don’t respond to insulin
temporary diabetes that develops in the pregnant woman
gestational diabetes
a condition that results from not enough or lack of insulin and too much sugar
Hyperglycemia
a condition that results from too much insulin and not enough sugar in the blood
hypoglycemia
if you encounter a person who is unresponsive or experiencing bizarre behavior, look for
signs of diabetic emergency
when in doubt
give sugar
suffering from diabetes?
you can look drunk
hostile, aggressive, a period of minutes, drooling
hypoglycemia
fruity odor on the breath is a characteristic of
severe hyperglycemia
