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First Aid > Chapters 16-18 > Flashcards

Chapters 16-18 Flashcards

1
Q

-wide range of conditions that lead to low oxygen states in the heart muscle; also known as myocardial ischemia

A

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)

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2
Q

-a condition in which a coronary artery has been damaged

A

coronary artery disease

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3
Q

-a condition in which fatty substances and other debris are deposited on the arterial walls

A

Atherosclerosis

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4
Q
  • calcium is deposited in the arteries
  • hardening of the arteries
  • a disease condition in which the arteries lose their elasticity
A

arteriosclerosis

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5
Q

-fatty deposits on the arterial walls

A

plaque

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6
Q
  • pain in the chest

- heart’s hunger for oxygen

A

Angina Pectoris

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7
Q
  • victim has increased the heart’s workload and its demand for oxygen usually by PE or excitement
  • no permanent damage to the heart
A

Stable Angina Pectoris

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8
Q
  • not relieved by rest

- requires treatment with nitroglycerin or other cardiac medications

A

unstable angina pectoris

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9
Q

signs of congestive heart failure

A
  • sweating
  • rapid heart rate
  • paleness
  • swelling
  • labored breathing
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10
Q
  • heart attack

- blood supply to heart is restricted or cut off

A

Myocardial Infarction

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11
Q

heart muscle

A

Myocardium

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12
Q

heart attack without pain

A

silent myocardial infarction

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13
Q

ACS

A

Acute coronary Syndrome

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14
Q

what is critical in the treatment of ACS?

A

Time

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15
Q

What do you do for someone who is having heart problems and is responsive?

A
  • chew one adult or 2 baby aspirin
  • loosen restrictive clothing
  • monitor vital signs
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16
Q

any disease that impairs circulation to the brain

A

stroke

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17
Q

3rd most common cause of death in this country

A

Stroke

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18
Q
  • one of the 2 general types of strokes
  • caused by a ruptured vessel in the brain
  • leads to brain cell death
A

hemorrhagic stroke

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19
Q

clot that builds up over time in a cerebral artery

A

Thrombus

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20
Q

-a type of ischemic stroke, caused when a cerebral artery is blocked by a clot (thrombus) lodged inside the brain

A

Thrombotic stroke

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21
Q

-one of the 2 general types of strokes; caused by a clot inside the brain

A

ischemic stroke

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22
Q

-brief attacks similar to strokes that occur when arterial blockage is partial or brief

A

Transient ischemic attack

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23
Q

-a type of ischemic stroke caused by a clot blocking a cerebral artery

A

embolic stroke

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24
Q

T/F Atherosclerosis results when fatty substances and other debris are deposited on the inner lining of the arterial wall

A

True

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25
Q

T/F Angina does not always cause pain

A

False

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26
Q

T/F stable angina pain is usually relieved by rest

A

True

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27
Q

T/F angina pain is usually on the left side

A

False

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28
Q

T/F It is easy to differentiate between the pain of angina pectrois and myocardial infarction

A

F

29
Q

T/F about 25% of all myocardial infarction victims have no chest pain

A

T

30
Q

T/F the pain of myocardial infarction lasts longer than 30 minutes and is usually under the sternum, radiating to the neck, jaw, left shoulder and left arm

A

true

31
Q

T/F congestive heart failure with respiratory difficulty is life threatening and requires immediate care

A

True

32
Q

the major symptom of myocardial infarction is cyanosis

A

False

33
Q

T/F victims of heart disease emergencies should be put in a prone posititon

A

False

34
Q

most acute heart attacks are caused by blockage of the _____ artery

A

coronary

35
Q

which of the following heart conditions would probably develop over a period of several months?

A

congestive heart failure

36
Q

Which is not a first aid care measure for a cardiac victim?

A

assist with prescribed nitroglycerin

37
Q

-shortness of breath or difficulty breathing

A

dyspnea

38
Q

is dyspnea a disease?

A

no

39
Q

-range of diseases, including emphysema and chronic bronchitis

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

40
Q

number one cause of COPD

A

smoking

41
Q

a respiratory disease characterized by overinflated alveoli

A

emphysema

42
Q

signs of emphysema

A
  • weight lost
  • limitation of activity
  • coughing up small amounts of mucus
  • difficult exhalation
  • barrel shaped chest
43
Q

typical victim with chronic bronchitis

A

heavy cigarette smoker

44
Q

extrinsic asthma

A
  • allergic asthma
  • season
  • children
45
Q

intrinsic asthma

A
  • nonallergenic
  • adults
  • emotion, fumes, infections, aspirin
46
Q

generalized spasm of the bronchi

A

bronchospasm

47
Q

a group of illnesses characterized by lung inflammation and fluid or pus filled alveoli

A

pneumonia

48
Q

signs of pneumonia

A
  • fever
  • chills that shake the bed
  • look awful
49
Q

overbreathing

A

hyperventilation

50
Q

hyperventilation is breathing at a rate of

A

faster than 40 breaths per minute

51
Q

signs of hyperventilation

A
  • anxiety
  • air hunger
  • giddiness or unusual behavior
52
Q

T/F victims with emphysema are usually cyanotic

A

False

53
Q

Which of the following is a COPD condition?

A

atherosclerosis

54
Q

how many diabetics are in the US?

A

14 million

-half dont know they have it

55
Q

hormone needed to facilitate movement of glucose out of the bloodstream, across the cell membranes and into the cells
-made by the pancreas

A

Insulin

56
Q

glucose

A

sugar

57
Q

all organs are affected by insulin except

A

the brain

58
Q

when glucose does not get delivered to the cells, the cells resort to using

A

fat and protein

59
Q

Type 1 Diabetes

A
  • insulin dependent
  • begins in childhood
  • juvenile onset
60
Q

Type 2 Diabetes

A
  • noninsulin dependent
  • couch potatoes
  • adult onset diabetes
  • cells don’t respond to insulin
61
Q

temporary diabetes that develops in the pregnant woman

A

gestational diabetes

62
Q

a condition that results from not enough or lack of insulin and too much sugar

A

Hyperglycemia

63
Q

a condition that results from too much insulin and not enough sugar in the blood

A

hypoglycemia

64
Q

if you encounter a person who is unresponsive or experiencing bizarre behavior, look for

A

signs of diabetic emergency

65
Q

when in doubt

A

give sugar

66
Q

suffering from diabetes?

A

you can look drunk

67
Q

hostile, aggressive, a period of minutes, drooling

A

hypoglycemia

68
Q

fruity odor on the breath is a characteristic of

A

severe hyperglycemia

First Aid (7 decks)

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