Chapters 10-12 Flashcards
-sterile covering for wound
Dressing
-free of all microorganisms and spores
Sterile
-free of bacteria
aseptic
-commercially manufactured, individually wrapped pads
Gauze Pads
-large, thickly layered bulky pads used to control bleeding and stabilize impaled objects
Special Pads
signs that a bandage is too tight
1) skin becomes pale or blue
2) blueish tint to toenails or fingernails near it
3) pain a few minutes after putting on bandage
4) skin beyond bandage is cold or numb
5) you can’t feel a pulse beyond bandage
6) victim can’t move
-triangle shaped piece of cloth used to apply splints and form slings
Triangular bandage
-folded triangular bandage
-cravat
-form fitting bandage designed to be wrapped around a wound site
roller bandage
do not apply bandage until
-bleeding has stopped
if the blood soaks through bandage
-dont replace it
do not place bandages on
the wound directly
never use what for dressings?
-anything that can shred or disintegrate
T/F A bandage should normally be placed on the wound
False
T/F Bandages should be applied firmly and fastened securely
T
T/F The most popular and adaptable bandage is the cravat
F
T/F A bandage compress is a special dressing for creating a tourniquet effect
F
T/F Triangular bandages are made from cloth that is approximately 20 inches square
F
T/F You should always bandage a dressing in place before the bleeding has been controlled
F
T/F Do not attempt to bandage an area any larger than the wound site
F
T/F Cotton balls make an ideal dressing because of their absorbency
F
T/F If blood soaks through the original dressing, remove it and apply a new dressing
F
T/F Elastic Roller bandages should not be used except in cases of profuse bleeding
T
The primary reason elastic roller bandages are not recommended for use in first aid care is that they
may seriously inhibit blood flow
Which knot is most frequently used in bandaging?
Square Knot
Example of airtight occlusive dressing?
Plastic Wrap
Which of the following is not a guideline for use of an armsling?
The knot should not be tied in the middle of the back of the neck
-A dressing that may not be sterile
Wet
-A dressing that forms an airtight seal
occlusive
-a sterile dressing
aseptic
-sterile gauze saturated with a substance to prevent the dressing from sticking to an open wound
Plastic Wrap
-Dressing that is free from moisture
Dry Sterile
-Bulky, usually sterile dressing
Compress
What does the musculoskeletal system do?
1) gives shape and form to body
2) supports body
3) movement
4) protection
some bones manufacture
red blood cells; so when they break, bleeding can be serious
long bones
bones in thigh, lower leg, upper arm and forearm
short bone
Hands and feet
Flat bones
Ribs and shoulder blades
Irregular bones
Vertebrae and skull
Different types of bones
Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
2 or more bones come together
Joints; allow movement
Ends of bone are held together by
ligaments
different types of muscle
Involuntary and voluntary (skeletal)
Can tendons tighten by themselves?
Yes
Can ligaments tighten by themselves?
No. Need surgery
-injury in which ligaments are stretched and partially or completely torn
Sprain
-an injury in which the joint comes apart and stays apart; the bone ends that articulate over each other are no longer in proper close contact with each other
dislocation
-an injury to a muscle that occurs when a muscle is stretched beyond its normal range of motion causing the muscle or tendon to tear
Strain
uncontrolled spasm of a muscle
cramp
bruise to the tissue
Contusion
to treat a joint (fracture or sprain) use the acronym
RICE
R
Rest (dont use it!)
I
Ice (used continuous for 24-48 hours)
C
Compression (wrap in compression bandage)
E
Elevation
causes of cramps? ; what do you do about it?
1) dehydration
2) loses too many electrolytes
3) sleep
Dont massage it
crack or break in the continuity of a bone
fracture
2 kinds of fractures
Open and Closed
Open fracture
-skin over site has been damaged or broken
closed (simple)
overlying skin is intact
How does a fracture happen?
Direct and Indirect force
-fall and put hand out to stop you and your wrist breaks
Indirect
Brick is thrown at your shin and your shin breaks
Direct
grating sound or sensation that occurs when ends of broken bone rub against each other
crepitus
never straighten a fracture of dislocation of the
spine, elbow, wrist, hip or knee
T/F it is usually impossible to tell the difference between a sprain and a closed fracture without the use of hospital diagnostic images
T
T/F To test for fracture, ask the victim to try to move the injured part or walk on the injured leg
F
T/F In cases of suspected dislocation, correct the deformity before splinting it
F
T/F Permanent nerve damage can result from a splint that’s too tight
T
T/F Apply heat to a sprained joint for the first 24 hours
F
T/F A fracture is a crack or splinter in a bone that is not broken
F
T/F A closed fracture can become an open fracture through mishandling
T
T/F A splint should be placed directly against the skin without padding or dressings for maximum effectiveness
F
A splint should not extend beyond the joints above and below the suspected fracture
F
T/F A fractured elbow should always be immobilized in the position in which it is found
T
the primary objective in first aid care for a fracture is to
stabilize the fracture site
what is a sign or symptom of a strain?
Immediate swelling
Injury in which ligaments are partially torn
Sprain
to treat bleeding open fracture
control bleeding with pressure through a dressing
What do you do for a strain?
-Make comfy and apply cold
What do you do for a dislocation??
-use rest, ice, compression and elevation
What do you do for a sprain?
Mobilize in the position found
What do you do for a fracture?
Control any bleeding and immobilize
most frequently injured bone of the shoulder
clavicle or collarbone
How does a clavicle get broken?
Athletes attempt to break their falls with the outstretched hands
How to care for a clavicle fracture
figure 8 bandage
-the joint in the shoulder where the clavicle, scapula, and humerus join
Acromioclavicular
-able to be felt by the first aid provider
palpable
-inflammation of the bony protrusion of the elbow
tennis elbow
-inflammation in the tendon attached to the inner side of the elbow
golfer’s elbow
-displaced fracture of the forearm caused when the victim falls on the palm of the hand with the wrist extended
Colle’s fracture
-a displaced fracture of the forearm caused when the victim falls on the back of the hand with the wrist flexed
Smith’s fracture
-the area of the wrist through which the radial artery passes
anatomical snuffbox
T/F You should provide hard traction to a dislocated shoulder
F
T/F The most common victims of dislocated elbow are those who support their weight on their hands such as wrestlers or gymnasts
T
T/F The best way to assess fracture of the radial head is to have the victim rotate the forearm
T
T/F Ischial tuberosity fracture carries with it the classic silver fork deformity
F
T/F Dislocation of the carpal bones causes deformity and swelling on the back of the wrist; to treat, immobilize with an air splint
F
T/F A twisted finger, with the nailbed turned to one side, is typically the rest of metacarpal fracture
T
T/F You should assess for dislocated elbow by having the victim straighten the arm
F
T/F A victim may hear an audible pop during several different injuries, including dislocated patella and achilles tendon rupture
T
T/F the force that causes a sprained ankle can also fracture the bones of the lower leg
T
A shoulder that appears almost flattened is an indication of
Fracture
A classic sign of a dislocated elbow is
a shortened forearm
the classic sign of colles’s fracture is
compromised pulse at the wrist
care for dislocated carpal bones by
immobilizing with a ladder of vacuum splint
swelling, pain and a lump in the buttocks of a sprinter would probably indicate
contusion of the iliac crest
to treat a dislocated patella
all of the aove
splint a victim of a sprained knee ligament
in the position in which the leg was found
to assess whether Achilles tendon ruptured is complete, squeeze the victim’s calf muscle; if the rupture is complete
there will be limited range of motion
