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first aid > Chapters 13-15 > Flashcards

Chapters 13-15 Flashcards

1
Q

-a mechanism of brain injury in which the head comes to a sudden stop but the brain continues to move back and forth inside the skull, causing injury at the site of impact and to the opposite side of the brain

A

Coup-Contrecoup

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2
Q

signs and symptoms of brain injury

A
  • weird behavior
  • nausea
  • unequal pupils
  • headache
  • double vision
  • loss of memory
  • weakness
  • seizure
  • heart rate became slow
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3
Q

4 types of skull fractures

A

1) depressed
2) linear
3) comminuted
4) basilar

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4
Q

-break in base of skull

A

basilar

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5
Q

-point of impact; multiple cracks radiating from the center (cracked egg shell)

A

Comminuted

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6
Q

-most common; thin line crack in the skull. Least serious and most difficult to detect

A

Linear

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7
Q

-object strikes the skull, leaving an obvious deformity; bone fragments are often driven into the protective tissue surrounding the brain

A

Depressed

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8
Q

signs and symptoms of skull fracture

A
  • contusions
  • deformity of the skull
  • clear fluid coming from ears nose or mouth
  • raccoon eyes
  • battle’s sign
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9
Q

-bruising around the eyes in the absence of trauma to the eyes; a very late sign of skull fracture

A

raccoon eyes

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10
Q

-bruising behind the ears; over the mastoid process; very late sign of skull fracture

A

battle’s sign

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11
Q

mechanisms can cause spinal injury

A
  • compression
  • flexion, extension, rotation
  • lateral bending
  • distraction
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12
Q

-the sudden pulling apart of the spine that stretches and tears the cord

A

distraction

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13
Q

2 major complications of spinal injury

A

inadequate breathing effort

paralysis

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14
Q

T/F For a head-injured victim, use the head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver to open the airway

A

False

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15
Q

T/F Forceful vomiting may be a sign of head injury

A

True

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16
Q

T/F A basilar skull fracture is the most common and least serious

A

False

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17
Q

T/F Face and scalp wounds may bleed heavily, but the bleeding is usually easy to control

A

True

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18
Q

T/F It is not possible for a spine-injured victim to walk around

A

False

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19
Q

T/F Spinal injury precautions should be taken in all cases of head trauma

A

True

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20
Q

T/F the airway is the first priority for a spine-injured victim

A

true

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21
Q

T/F always pad behind the neck of a victim on a rigid support

A

False

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22
Q

T/F any trauma severe enough to cause injury to the brain can also cause injury to the spine

A

True

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23
Q

T/F with proper precautions, one first aider can safely remove a victim’s helmet

A

false

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24
Q

if a victim has blood or cerebrospinal fluid draining from the ears but shows no indication of spinal injury, the first step in first aid care is to

A

establish and maintain an open airway

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25
Q

which of the following methods of maintaining an open airway should be used on an unresponsive victim with a head injury

A

modified jaw thrust

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26
Q

with a comminuted skull fracture

A

-multiple cracks radiate from the center of impact

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27
Q

what is the most common characteristic of Battle’s signs

A

a bruise like mark behind either ear

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28
Q

which of the following occurs in coup-contrecoup injury to the brain?

A

all of the above

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29
Q

which of the following is NOT a sign of spinal injury?

A

position of the legs

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30
Q

Check for spinal cord damage in a responsive victim by

A

asking the victim to wiggle fingers and toes

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31
Q

how many poisonings happen per year in the USA?

A

1 and 2 million

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32
Q

what percent of poisonings are at the home?

A

90%

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33
Q

Poisoning is the ____ common cause of death in the US and leading in children

A

3rd

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34
Q

4 ways to get poisoned

A

1) ingesting
2) inhaling
3) penetration/injection
4) absorption

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35
Q

most common things that can poison you when swallowed

A
  • aspirin
  • acetaminophen
  • alcohol
  • detergents or soap
  • household cleaning products
  • petroleum distillates
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36
Q

poisonous plants

A
  • holly
  • mistletoe
  • english ivy
  • poinsetta
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37
Q

poisonous fruits

A
  • cherry pits
  • peaches
  • apricots
  • apple seeds
38
Q

symptoms of poison

A
  • nausea
  • salivation
  • varying levels of consciousness
  • abdominal pain
  • bloating
  • burns or stains around the moth
  • unusual breath or body odors
39
Q

what side to you place the victim on and why?

A

left side to the gravity will delay the poison from entering the small intestine

40
Q
  • most fatal type of food poisoning
  • nerve toxin caused by bacterium
  • improperly processed canned foods
A

Botulism

41
Q
  • caused by contaminated foods such as beef, poultry, milk, eggs
  • cooking kills it
A

Salmonella

42
Q
  • when people handling food touch their pimples, boils, rashes, infected eyes, etc.
  • most commonly affected foods are sandwiches, salads and pasteries
A

Staph food poisoning

43
Q

-a special steam-distilled charcoal that can absorb many times its weight in contaminants because of its porous surface

A

activated charcoal

44
Q

What does activated charcoal do?

A
  • acts like a sponge

- does not bind to alcohol, acids, alkalies, potassium, gasoline or metals

45
Q

Don’t give activated charcoal to someone who

A
  • is not fully conscious
  • has swallowed acids
  • is unable to swallow
46
Q

what is the most toxic way of poisoning

A

inhalation

47
Q

-act of breathing in (inspiration) or the drawing of air or other gases into the lungs

A

inhalation

-occurs usually because of a fire

48
Q

-an odorless, tasteless, colorless toxic gas that results from incomplete combustion

A

carbon monoxide

49
Q

consider carbon monoxide poisoning if you encounter

A

-unexplained flu symptoms

50
Q

-taking a substance into the body through the skin

A

absorption

51
Q

-the toxic element of poison ivy, which can be carried on animal fur, tools, clothing and when the plant is burned, in the air

A

urushiol

52
Q

absorption can cuause

A

burns, lesions and inflammation

53
Q

T/F ingestion of poisonous plants is a common poisoning emergency in children

A

T

54
Q

T/F a victim of inhaled poison should be given activated charcoal

A

F

55
Q

T/F Cherry red lips are a common early sign of carbon monoxide poisoning

A

F

56
Q

T/F a throbbing headache is a symptom of low-level carbon monoxide poisoning

A

T

57
Q

T/F activated charcoal should be used only if the victim vomits

A

F

58
Q

T/F a victim of poisoning should be kept in a sitting position

A

T

59
Q

T/F initial symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning include headache, weakness, agitation, confusion, and dizziness

A

T

60
Q

T/F Activated charcoal will not bind to alcohol, kerosene, or gasoline

A

T

61
Q

T/F activated charcoal should be used in cases of ingested poisoning because of its ability to neutralize poisons

A

F

62
Q

which of the following is a characteristic symptom of carbon monoxide poisoning?

A

-headache

63
Q

what is the initial first aid care procedure for inhalation poisonings?

A

remove the victim to fresh air

64
Q

after a poisoning victim vomits, give the victim

A

activated charcoal

65
Q

alcoholism is

A

treatable but not curable

66
Q

what does alcohol affect?

A

liver and central nervous system

67
Q

alcohol is absorbed from the

A

stomach

68
Q

-intent of becoming intoxicated

A

binge drinking

69
Q

-occurs after a cutback in the amount of alcohol a person is used to

A

withdrawal syndrome

70
Q

determine the severity of intoxication by observing

A
  • victim is awake and answering questions

- victim withdraws from painful stimuli

71
Q

3 levels of consciousness

A
  • awake; answers questions and is alert
  • responds verbally or to pain
  • unresponsive
72
Q

how to deal with the drunk people

A
  • assure personal safety
  • provide a reality base
  • nonverbal support
  • encourage communication
  • foster confidence
73
Q

Hallucinogens

A
  • LSD

- PCP

74
Q

-phencyclidine, a hallucinogenic drug that causes severe reactions

A

PCP

75
Q

stimulants

A
  • cocaine
  • meth
  • ritalin
76
Q

depressants

A
  • heroin
  • oxycontin
  • xanax
77
Q

other drugs

A
  • roofies

- ecstasy

78
Q

T/F first aid care for a drug overdose depends entirely on what kind of drug was used

A

f

79
Q

T/F seizures are rare in alcoholic withdrawal

A

F

80
Q

T/F the most severe reactions from PCP use include paranoia and memory loss

A

F

81
Q

T/F hyperventilating drug emergency victims should be encouraged to breathe into a paper bag

A

F

82
Q

T/F DTs that occur more than one day after the last drink are rarely life threatening

A

false

83
Q

a common emergency among drug abuse victims is

A

hyperventilation

84
Q

hyperventilation in a drug emergency should be treated by

A

removing the victim from the crisis situation

85
Q

a pulse rate _____ in an adult may indicate danger in a drug or alcohol emergency

A

below 60 or above 100

86
Q

which of the following may indicate that a drug or alcohol emergency is life threatening

A

vomiting while not fully conscious

87
Q

which of the following is not a guideline for dealing with an overdose victim

A

throw a little cold water on a semiconscious victim

88
Q

what is the preferred method for handling a victim experiencing a bad trip?

A

use the talk-down technique

89
Q

the signs of acute intoxication may be mimicked by a victim of

A

diabetic coma (hyperglycemia)

90
Q

which of the following indicates that medical attention is needed immediately for an alcohol abuse victim

A

grand mal seizure

91
Q

delirium tremens occur as a result of

A

alcohol withdrawal

92
Q

which of the following is not a symptom of delirium tremens

A

deep, comatose sleep

first aid (7 decks)

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