Chapters 14 and 24

Question 1

fermentation

Answer 1

the process by which carbs are converted to ethanol by the action of the enzymes in the yeast

Question 2

chronic inflammation

Answer 2

infalmmation that is low grade and lasts for a long time

Question 3

alcoholism

Answer 3

an illness characterized by dependence on alcohol and by a level of alcohol intake that interferes with health, family and social relations, and job performance. also referred to as alcohol dependency

Question 4

alcohol poisoning

Answer 4

a condition characterized by mental confusion, vomiting, seizures, slow or irregular breathing, and low body temperature due to the effects of excess alcohol consumption. life threatening and requires emergency medical help

Question 5

fatty liver disease

Answer 5

a reversible condition characterized by far infiltration of the liver (10% or more by weight). if not corrected, fatty liver disease can produce liver damage and other disorders. the condition is primarily associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and alcohol consumption. the disease is called steatohepatitis when accompanied by inflammation

Question 6

cirrhosis

Answer 6

a disease of the liver characterized by widespread fibrous tissue buildup and disruption of normal liver structure and function. it can be caused by a number of chronic conditions that affect the liver

Question 7

dietary supplements

Answer 7

any products intended to supplement the diet, including vitamin and mineral supplements; proteins, enzymes, and amino acids; fish oils and fatty acids; hormones and hormone precursors; herbs and other plant extracts; and prebiotics and probiotics. such products must be labeled “dietary supplement”

Question 8

herbal remedies

Answer 8

extracts or other preparations made from ingredients of plants intended to precent, alleviate, or treat diseases, or to promote health

Question 9

prebiotics

Answer 9

non-digestible carbs that serve as food for and promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the small intestine and colon. also called “intestinal fertilizer.”

Question 10

probiotics

Answer 10

live microorganisms which resist digestion, and when administered in adequate amounts of appropriate strains, confer health benefits to the host

Question 11

synbiotics

Answer 11

combinations of pre and probiotics that interact in ways that generally benefit both and the health of the host