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ARCHAEOLOGY 120 > CHAPTERS 14-16 > Flashcards

CHAPTERS 14-16 Flashcards

1
Q

Chronological history of early americas

A

monte verde site → Clovis era → folsom era → extinction mastodons

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2
Q

overkill hypothesis

A

human activity led to the extinction of megafauna

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3
Q

Clovis tool kits

A

reliance on high quality raw material found in caches

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4
Q

Clovis people characteristics

A

named for their stone tool technology, Were also Known as paleoindians

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5
Q

genetic research of N and S america reveals that

A

-genetically related groups in N a S america diverged after the migration, native americans, are most closely related to asian groups, lots of DNA goes into the clock

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6
Q

pleistocene in E and W shared

A

bifacial points, microblades, mammoth bones

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7
Q

3 Key points of Monte verde

A

established by hunter gatherers that used a coastal route, hearths, tents, and mastodon remains, earliest securely dated Site in N and S america (pre clovis)

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8
Q

Significant pre clovis Sites (3)

A

Monte verde, paisley caves, meadowcroft rock.

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9
Q

What is the oddest aspect of clovis tech

A

it spread extremely quickly across NA

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10
Q

did bison hunters use all parts of the bison

A

no, too much to be processed

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11
Q

main reason for migration to the americas

A

pursuit of resources

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12
Q

describe clovis technology

A

earliest in america, functionally flexible, very large

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13
Q

general date range for migration to america

A

17.000-14,000 ya

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14
Q

how did humans get to america (theories)

A

land bridge or coast boating

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15
Q

thule vs. norse strategies

A

more mobile Vs. domesticated plants + animals

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16
Q

Complex societies in NA timeline

A

early woodland = cultivation of native species → hopewell

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17
Q

ancestral puebloans

A

massive structures with multiple stories and hundreds of rooms; clusters of pit houses and subterranean dwellings.

18
Q

chacoan houses uses

A

regional centers and religious sites

19
Q

northwest NA large villages had

A

warfare, plank houses, social differentiation

20
Q

chronological history of the southwest

A

adoption of maize from mesoamerica, → Quas construction of great houses → drought in chaco canyon region → rise of Cliff dwellings

21
Q

in Mesa Verde mississippian mounds were for

A

elites houses, community buildings, burials

22
Q

hopewell exotic materials

A

copper, marine shells, pipestone, mica, obsidian

23
Q

hopewell mound purposes

A

burial sites, ritual centers, gathering places north american

24
Q

archaic period

A

mound building, trade networks, pottery characteristics of Adena and Hopewell mounds - materials from distant places, used as burials, often reused

25
Q

Chaco canyon characteristics

A

cooperative society through ritual ceremonies, 1000 year old great houses

26
Q

Why is Chakia the political center

A

Size, location, Stratified social class

27
Q

what crop did plains villages rely on

A

maize

28
Q

how did the hokokam grow corn

A

canal systems

29
Q

how did great plains people adapt to bison

A

moved w/ herds, hunted Seasonally

30
Q

mesoamerican ball game significance

A

political, recreational, ritual

31
Q

Classic mayan society

A

common warfare, strong hierarchy, many ag. methods

32
Q

Characteristics of the aztecs

A

inked themselves to earlier cultural traditions, practiced ritual sacrifice, existed in modern mexico

33
Q

What 3 events occurred during the spanish conquest of the aztecs

A

Spanish entered tenochtitlan peacefully, they were assisted by native tribes, montecuzoma reluctantly welcomed the Spanish at first.

34
Q

Which cultures did the aztecs link themselves with

A

teotihuacan + toltec

35
Q

San Jose mogote characteristics

A

wealth disparity, gardens, trade

36
Q

Why did classic maya collapse

A

warfare, over farmed land, drought

37
Q

monte alban vs. teotinracan

A
  1. defensive location, ball court, oaxaca Valley 2. long central avenue, 85,000 people, valley of mexico
38
Q

features of Recentmnt tenoghtitlan

A

built on an island. had floating gardens and plazas, overthrown by the spanish forces

39
Q

the early horizon in the mid preclassic is

A

olmec

40
Q

what crop was mobile and supplementary

A

maize

41
Q

olmec culture characteristics

A

large monuments, ball courts, writing system

42
Q

mayan Structure (ag & Social)

A

elaborate ceremonies, social hierarchy.. built massive public buildings

ARCHAEOLOGY 120 (4 decks)

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