CHAPTERS 14-16 Flashcards
Chronological history of early americas
monte verde site → Clovis era → folsom era → extinction mastodons
overkill hypothesis
human activity led to the extinction of megafauna
Clovis tool kits
reliance on high quality raw material found in caches
Clovis people characteristics
named for their stone tool technology, Were also Known as paleoindians
genetic research of N and S america reveals that
-genetically related groups in N a S america diverged after the migration, native americans, are most closely related to asian groups, lots of DNA goes into the clock
pleistocene in E and W shared
bifacial points, microblades, mammoth bones
3 Key points of Monte verde
established by hunter gatherers that used a coastal route, hearths, tents, and mastodon remains, earliest securely dated Site in N and S america (pre clovis)
Significant pre clovis Sites (3)
Monte verde, paisley caves, meadowcroft rock.
What is the oddest aspect of clovis tech
it spread extremely quickly across NA
did bison hunters use all parts of the bison
no, too much to be processed
main reason for migration to the americas
pursuit of resources
describe clovis technology
earliest in america, functionally flexible, very large
general date range for migration to america
17.000-14,000 ya
how did humans get to america (theories)
land bridge or coast boating
thule vs. norse strategies
more mobile Vs. domesticated plants + animals
Complex societies in NA timeline
early woodland = cultivation of native species → hopewell
ancestral puebloans
massive structures with multiple stories and hundreds of rooms; clusters of pit houses and subterranean dwellings.
chacoan houses uses
regional centers and religious sites
northwest NA large villages had
warfare, plank houses, social differentiation
chronological history of the southwest
adoption of maize from mesoamerica, → Quas construction of great houses → drought in chaco canyon region → rise of Cliff dwellings
in Mesa Verde mississippian mounds were for
elites houses, community buildings, burials
hopewell exotic materials
copper, marine shells, pipestone, mica, obsidian
hopewell mound purposes
burial sites, ritual centers, gathering places north american
archaic period
mound building, trade networks, pottery characteristics of Adena and Hopewell mounds - materials from distant places, used as burials, often reused
Chaco canyon characteristics
cooperative society through ritual ceremonies, 1000 year old great houses
Why is Chakia the political center
Size, location, Stratified social class
what crop did plains villages rely on
maize
how did the hokokam grow corn
canal systems
how did great plains people adapt to bison
moved w/ herds, hunted Seasonally
mesoamerican ball game significance
political, recreational, ritual
Classic mayan society
common warfare, strong hierarchy, many ag. methods
Characteristics of the aztecs
inked themselves to earlier cultural traditions, practiced ritual sacrifice, existed in modern mexico
What 3 events occurred during the spanish conquest of the aztecs
Spanish entered tenochtitlan peacefully, they were assisted by native tribes, montecuzoma reluctantly welcomed the Spanish at first.
Which cultures did the aztecs link themselves with
teotihuacan + toltec
San Jose mogote characteristics
wealth disparity, gardens, trade
Why did classic maya collapse
warfare, over farmed land, drought
monte alban vs. teotinracan
- defensive location, ball court, oaxaca Valley 2. long central avenue, 85,000 people, valley of mexico
features of Recentmnt tenoghtitlan
built on an island. had floating gardens and plazas, overthrown by the spanish forces
the early horizon in the mid preclassic is
olmec
what crop was mobile and supplementary
maize
olmec culture characteristics
large monuments, ball courts, writing system
mayan Structure (ag & Social)
elaborate ceremonies, social hierarchy.. built massive public buildings
