Chapters 14, 15, 16 Flashcards
Caning of Sumner
Charles Sumner, a republican, angered the southerners with a controversial speech accusing Andrew Butler of defending slavery so he could sexually abuse black women. Andrew Brooks, Butler’s cousin, retaliated by caning him on the Senate floor. This inspired the south and made the north angry. Afterward, Brooks resigned from congress.
Copperheads lead by Clement Vallandingham
The Copperheads were peace democrats that were anti-civil war and thought that the war had become unconstitutional and wasn’t getting anything done. They clashed with both war democrats and republicans. They were sympathetic to the Confederacy: they exploited public anti-war sentiments and tried to push Lincoln to negotiate an immediate peace. Clement Vallandingham, one of the main spokespeople, advocated for the war to end. He was arrested in Ohio after running for governor. It was tried in a military court because he committed a “high crime” treason and aiding and abetting the enemy.
d.) Martial law: Military government which allows the suspension of regular law.
Dred Scott
A slave whose owner brought him to free states. After his owner died, Dred sued that it was illegal to be enslaved in free states. The Court denied him, and the case signified that the government had no intention to end slavery.
Dissenters
Protestant Christians who separated from the Church of England in the 17th and 18th centuries, labeled as nonconformists for not belonging to an established church.
The Lecompton Constitution
A constitutional convention that prepared for Kansas’ statehood, contained clauses protecting slaveholding and a bill of rights excluding free blacks. Free soil voters didn’t participate but it was made legal.
Referendum
A direct, general, and universal vote resulting in one new policy or specific law.
Twenty Negro Law
It was a draft rule that exempts only one white man from each farm that owned 20 or more slaves. This helped produce more crops because of the food shortages, and it prevented slave uprisings which were common because men weren’t there to take care of the farm- they were on the battlefield because of the new draft age (18-45). But this made nonslaveholding people, too poor to afford, feel discriminated against. Later, these food shortages lead to “bread riots.”
Border Ruffians
Pro-slavery Missourians who traveled to Kansas and voted illegally in favor of a pro-slavery government.
Border States
Slave states were divided because some slave states ( 8 of them) were unsure if secession was a good idea or not and wanted to remain neutral. The people of the border states did not respond well, and on April 19th, 1861, a mob attacked Massachusetts troops. Many were dead and injured. Abraham Lincoln realized that the loss of the border states could mean a significant decrease in Union resources. In spite of terrible guerrilla warfare in Missouri and Kentucky, the four border states remained loyal to the Union throughout the war. The election of 1861 influenced ⅔ of the white population in the border states to favor the Union over the Secessionists. Lincoln believed that the presence of African American troops would threaten the loyalty of slaveholding border states, and white volunteers might refuse to serve alongside black men. He tried persuading the border states to abolish slavery by offering federal compensation to the states who did. But most didn’t accept)
Black Republicans
Upland Republican southerners who were anti-abolitionist and anti-black.
