Chapters 13 & 14

Question 1

Alien and Sedition Acts

Answer 1

made it a crime to criticize the government

Question 2

Libel

Answer 2

any published statement that unjustifiably exposes someone to ridicule or contempt. Defamation, Identification, Publication

Question 3

privilege

Answer 3

statements made in government meetings, in court, or in government documents cannot be used as the basis for a libel suit.

Question 4

actual malice

Answer 4

a reckless disregard for the truth or falsity of a published account

Question 5

intrusion

Answer 5

invasion of privacy by physical trespass into a space surrounding a person’s body or onto property under his or her control

Question 6

false light

Answer 6

invasion of privacy in which a journalist publishes untrue statements that alter a person’s public image in a way that he or she cannot control

Question 7

misappropriation

Answer 7

invasion of privacy by using a person’s name or image for commercial purposes without his or her permission

Question 8

prior restraint

Answer 8

a judicial order that stops a media organization from publishing or broadcasting a story or image

Question 9

shield laws

Answer 9

laws that give journalists special protection from having to testify in court about their stories and sources

Question 10

obscenity

Answer 10

sexually explicit material that is legally prohibited from being published

Question 11

equal time provision

Answer 11

requires broadcast stations to make equivalent amounts of broadcast time available to all candidates running for public office

Question 12

fairness doctrine

Answer 12

former policy that required television stations to “afford reasonable opportunity for the discussion of conflicting views on issues of public importance”

Question 13

Net neutrality

Answer 13

Rules that would require internet service providers to give equal access to all online content providers

Question 14

Copyright Act 1976

Answer 14

Ringer - copyright lasted 50 years after death. can record for own use.

Question 15

Patriot Act

Answer 15

government can see our social media and use wire taps and see personal documents.

Question 16

Miller v. California

Answer 16

convicted of sending obscene material through the mail. anything of literary, artistic, political, or scientific value cannot be banned. (sex ed in schools)

Question 17

Richard Drew

Answer 17

took the falling man photo

Question 18

Moral

Answer 18

an individuals code of behavior based on religious or philosophical principals

Question 19

Sissela Bok’s Model

Answer 19

Consult your conscience (how do you feel about it), seek alternatives, hold an imaginary ethical dialogue with everyone involved

Question 20

Rush Limbaugh

Answer 20

conservative radio talk show host

Question 21

Barbra Ringer

Answer 21

copyright. didn’t get the job because she was a girl. sued and won for sexism

Question 22

First Amendment

Answer 22

freedom of speech

Question 23

John Peter Zenger Case

Answer 23

published anonymous articles pointing out negatives in the government and went to jail for it. established truth as an absolute defense against libel

Question 24

Sam Sheppard conviction

Answer 24

right to a free press & right to a fair trial. sheppards wife was killed and he said he didn’t do it but he was found to be having an affair. newspaper printed the names and pictures and address of prospected jurors and they were allowed to view the media.

Question 25

United stated v. Noriega

Answer 25

the only case the press has been restricted from covering. they ordered a restraining order on CNN. something about drugs

Question 26

Cohen v. Cowles Media

Answer 26

they hired someone to leak documents to the press about a candidate. he asked the press for confidentiality. one didn’t run the story. one ran the story and left the source confidential. two ran the story and listed cohen as the source. cohen won.

Question 27

Food Lion v. ABC

Answer 27

food lion was bleaching meat to make it last longer so reporters went undercover to work for them. sued them for lying and trespassing but preserved the right for journalists to report truthful information.

Question 28

Pentagon Papers

Answer 28

case of prior restraint. someone had papers about the Vietnam war and gave them to a news company the government got a restraining order on them so he gave the papers to another company and the government got a restraining order on them

Question 29

Roth v. United States

Answer 29

Roth ran a business selling sexually explicit books, photos, and magazines. the courts can regulate obscenity and it is not protected in our first amendment

Question 30

New York Times v. Sullivan

Answer 30

a news ad was published falsely accusing the police department of something and sullivan was not named but was the head of the department so that reflected badly on him (libel) set a new standard (actual malice) because they didn’t tell the truth

Question 31

Progressive Case

Answer 31

wrote an article about nuclear bombs but all of the information used was from unclassified documents. they wanted the government to get involved? didn’t get the attention they were hoping for. prior restraint is becoming impossible because of the internet

Question 32

Hazelwood Case

Answer 32

freedom of speech in school. freedom of speech does not always apply in schools. they couldn’t write about pregnancy or divorce in their school newspaper.

Question 33

Aristotle’s Golden Mean

Answer 33

ethical behavior comes from hitting a balance, a “just-right point between excess and defect”

Question 34

Utilitarianism

Answer 34

actions are right if they are useful or for the benefit of a majority.

Question 35

Tabloid Laundering

Answer 35

when respectable media report on what the tabloids are reporting as a way of covering sensationalistic stories on which they might not otherwise report

Question 36

Ombudsman

Answer 36

a representative of a publications readers who takes the point of view if those who purchase or consume the news

Question 37

Stephen Glass

Answer 37

made up most of the “facts” in his articles. he made up webpages and voicemails and submitted the articles late so the fact checkers didn’t figure it out

Question 38

Jose Vargas

Answer 38

a successful journalist who is an undocumented immigrant. he wrote about it and sold his story to the New York Times Magazine who put it on the front cover.

Question 39

Sago Mine disaster

Answer 39

News reported that 12 miners survived and one died in the explosion when in reality, 12 miners died and one survived.

Question 40

Principal of Utility

Answer 40

Mill’s principal that ethical behavior arises from that which will provide the greatest good for the greatest number of people

Question 41

Veil of ignorance

Answer 41

Rawls’s principal that says that justice comes from making decisions that maximize liberty for all people and without considering which outcome will give us personally the biggest benefit

Question 42

sensationalism

Answer 42

news coverage that panders to audiences with lurid and highly emotional accounts of crime, sex, violence, or celebrity missteps

Question 43

Ethics

Answer 43

a rational way of deciding what is good for individuals or society. (way to choose between two competing moral principals)

Question 44

Kant’s categorial imperative

Answer 44

Kant’s idea of a moral obligation that we should act in a way in which we would be willing to have everyone else act

Question 45

Morse v. Fredrick

Answer 45

held up a Bong hits 4 Jesus sign across from his school.

Question 46

Matt Cooper & Judith Miller

Answer 46

went to jail for refusing to testify to a jury about who leaked the identity of a CIA official