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Health Assessment Exam 1 > Chapters 12: Skin, Hair, Nails > Flashcards

Chapters 12: Skin, Hair, Nails Flashcards

1
Q

Epidermis

A

Outer highly differentiated layer composed of basal cell layer that forms new skin cells and outer horny cell layer of dead keratinized cells

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2
Q

Dermis

A

Inner supportive layer made up of connective tissue or collagen and elastic tissue

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3
Q

Function of the skin

A

Protection, Prevents penetration, Perception, Temperature regulations, Identification, Communication, Wound repair, Absorption and excretion, Production of Vitamin D

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4
Q

What can you tell from just looking at skin?

A

Hydration, Bruises, Scar, Liver issues, Age, Wight gain/loss, Sweating, Oxygenation

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5
Q

What can you tell from just looking at hair?

A

Grooming and hygiene, Nutritional status, Age based on graying, Genetics (i.e balding or early graying)

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6
Q

What can you tell from nails?

A

Cap refill, Clubbing from chronic hypoxia

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7
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Produce a protective lipid substance called sebum (everywhere except palms and soles)

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8
Q

Sweat glands (2 TYPES)

A

Eccrine: coiled tubules that open directly onto the skin surface, produce a dilute saline saline called sweat
Apocrine: Produce a thick, milky secretions and open into the hair follicles (active during puberty)

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9
Q

Lanugo

A

Fine hairs on a newborn infant

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10
Q

Vernix caseosa

A

Thick cheesy substance made of sebum and shed epithelial cells

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11
Q

Mongolian spots

A

Darker discolored spots on an infant (hyperpigmentation on darker skinned babies)

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12
Q

Erythema Toxicum

A

Rash on infants (almost looks like chicken pox)

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13
Q

Milia

A

A cyst, a small, white bump that typically appears on the nose and cheeks

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14
Q

Stork bites

A

A common type of birth mark seen in a new born

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15
Q

Acrocyanosis

A

Bluish or purple coloring of the hands and feet caused by slow circulation

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16
Q

Physiologic Jaundice

A

Happens in a newborn 3-4 days after they are born and can disappera

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17
Q

Pathological Jaundice

A

Happens when baby is born

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18
Q

Ineffective thermoregulation in babies

A

Babies can’t shiver, make sure babies are swaddles

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19
Q

Carotenemia

A

yellow pigmentation of the skin (xanthoderma) and increased beta-carotene levels in the blood

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20
Q

Striae Gravidarum

A

Stretch marks

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21
Q

Chloasma

A

Changes pigmentation in face

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22
Q

Linea Nigra

A

Dark line down the abdomen

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23
Q

Palmar erythema

A

Redness in palms of hands

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24
Q

Vascular spider

A

Tiny veins

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25
Q

What to keep in mind with changes in adolescents

A

Sebaceous gland secretions increase, secondary sex characteristics, subcutaneous fat deposits increase

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26
Q

Senile purpura

A

Mild trauma leading to dark red discoloration spots

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27
Q

Keloids

A

Scars tat form at the site of a wound and grow beyond normal boundaries of wound

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28
Q

Pigmentary disorders

A

Dark or light spots

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29
Q

Pseudofolliculitis

A

razor bumps or ingrown hairs caused by shaving too closely with an electric or straight razor

30
Q

Melasma

A

patchy tan to dark brown discoloration of the face “the mask of pregnancy”

31
Q

Diaphoresis vs Dehydration

A 
Diaphoresis = excess water 
Dehydration = not enough water
32
Q

Reasons for edema

A

Due to cardiac problem, kidney disorder/disfunction, localized injury

33
Q

What causes Jaundice

A

Increased serum bilirubin

34
Q

Polycythemia

A

Increased red blood cells, capillary stasis

35
Q

Carotemia

A

Inc. serum carotene from ingestion of large amounts of carotene rich foods

36
Q

Café au lait spots

A

Caused by increased melanin pigment in basal cell layer

37
Q

Pitting edema scale

A 
1+ = 2mm depth
2+ = 4 mm depth
3+ = 6 mm depth 
4+ = 8mm depth
38
Q

Pressure ulcer stages

A

Stage 1: intact skin with non blanchable redness of a localized area
Stage 2: Partial thickness loss of dermia presenting as a shallow open ulcer with a res pink wound bed, without slough
Stage 3: Full thickness tissue loss, Subcutaneous fat may be visible but bone, tendon or muscles are not exposed. Maybe slough
Stage 4: Full thickeness tissue loss with exposed tendon or muscle. Slough or eschar may be present

39
Q

Braden scale rating

A 
9 or less = very high risk of pressure ulcer 
10 - 12 = high risk 
13 - 14 = Moderate risk 
15 - 18 = Mild risk 
19 - 23 = Generally not at risk
40
Q

ABCDE Skin Assessment

A

Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter, Elevation/evolution

41
Q

Annular or circular

A

circular spots, beginning in center and spreads to periphery (ringworm)

42
Q

Confluent

A

abnormal shaped lesions that are spread out and touching (hives)

43
Q

Discrete

A

small dots distinct and individual ( skin tags, acne, acrochordon)

44
Q

Grouped

A

a cluster of lesions (contact dermatitis)

45
Q

Gyrate

A

large, twisted and snake looking

46
Q

Target or iris

A

Almost ringworm looking, raised on outer ring (Lyme Disease)

47
Q

Linear

A

a scratch or streak

48
Q

Zosteriform

A

bumps in a linear arrangement along a unilateral nerve route (herpes zoster- Shingles)

49
Q

Polycyclic

A

annular lesions grow together (psoriasis)

50
Q

Macules

A

Dark spots almost like freckles, flat

51
Q

Papules

A

Raised discolored spots (mole)

52
Q

Patches

A

macules that are larger than 1 cm (mongolian spots)

53
Q

Plaques

A

papules coalesce to form surface elevation wider than 1 cm (psoriasis)

54
Q

Nodules

A

Extremely elevated bumps that are discolored

55
Q

Wheals

A

Spread out inflammation of the skin thats slightly elevated, not specifically round, usually misshapen (mosquito bite, allergic reaction)

56
Q

Tumors

A

Larger than a few cm in diameter, firm or soft, deeper into dermis (lipoma, hemangioma)

57
Q

Urticaria

A

Hives

58
Q

Vessicles

A

Little bumps filled with clear fluid (chicken pox)

59
Q

Cysts

A

Filled with cloudy white liquid

60
Q

Bullas

A

Large bumps filled with fluid (a larger vesicle)

61
Q

Pustules

A

filled with pus (pimples)

62
Q

Crusts

A

Scab like

63
Q

Scales

A

Dry patch of skin, feels like sandpaper

64
Q

Fissures

A

Tear in the skin (Cheilosis - at corners of mouth caused by excess moisture; athletes foot)

65
Q

Erosions

A

gradual breakdown of the epidermis, moist but no bleeding, heals without scar

66
Q

Ulcers

A

Deep breakdown of the skin into dermis and below (pressure sore, chancre)

67
Q

Excoriations

A

Self-inflicted abrasions like a bug bite, dermatitis, scabies, varicella

68
Q

Scars

A

What is left after lesion is repaired, connective tissue, permanent fibrotic change

69
Q

Lichenification

A

Prolonged intense scratching eventually thickens skin and produces tightly packed sets of papules

70
Q

Purpuric lesions

A

Petechiae and Purpura

Health Assessment Exam 1 (6 decks)

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