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Health Assessment Exam 1 > Chapter 13: Skin, Neck and Face (including regional lymphatics) > Flashcards

Chapter 13: Skin, Neck and Face (including regional lymphatics) Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial Bones

A

Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal

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2
Q

2 pairs of salivary glands are accessible to examination on the face

A

Parotid glands are in cheeks over mandible, anterior to and below ear; the largest of salivary glands, they are not normally palpable
Submandibular glands beneath mandible at angle of jaw

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3
Q

Structures of the head

A 
Cranial bones
Sutures
Facial bones
Facial muscles
Salivary glands
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4
Q

Internal carotid branches off wearing and supplies what?

A

Branches off common carotid and runs inward and upward to supply the brain

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5
Q

External carotid supplies what?

A

face, salivary glands, and superficial temporal area

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6
Q

Cranial Nerve XI

A

Innervates major neck muscles sternomastoid and trapezius

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7
Q

Sternomastoid

A

enables head rotation and flexion and divides each side of neck into two triangles: anterior and posterior triangles

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8
Q

Thyroid gland

A

Synthesizes and secretes thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which are hormones that stimulate rate of cellular metabolism

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9
Q

Thyroid gland location

A

an important endocrine gland straddles trachea in middle of the neck
The gland has two lobes, connected in middle by a thin isthmus and above that by the cricoid cartilage or upper tracheal ring

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10
Q

What are you looking for when you are looking at the thyroid, trachea, carotid arteries and lymph nodes

A

Thyroid gland: looking for right size, no tenderness
Trachea: central
Carotid arteries: palpable, even pulse, strength of pulse
Lymph nodes: no swollen, not palpable (sometimes there is one in children)

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11
Q

Lymphatic system function

A

extensive vessel system, is major part of immune system, which detects and eliminates foreign substances from body

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12
Q

Where is the greatest supply of the lymph nodes?

A

Head and Neck and Breasts
Nodes are small, oval clusters of lymphatic tissue that filter lymph and engulf pathogens, preventing potentially harmful substances from entering the circulation

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13
Q

Locations and names of lymph nodes

A
  • Preauricular, in front of ear
  • Posterior auricular (mastoid), superficial to mastoid process
  • Occipital, at base of skull
  • Submental, midline, behind tip of mandible
  • Submandibular, halfway between angle and tip of mandible
  • Jugulodigastric, under angle of mandible
  • Superficial cervical, overlying sternomastoid muscle
  • Deep cervical, deep under sternomastoid muscle
  • Posterior cervical, in posterior triangle along edge of trapezius muscle
  • Supraclavicular, just above and behind clavicle, at sternomastoid muscle
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14
Q

Where do lymph nodes drain to?

A

Cervical chain

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15
Q

Cephalohematoma

A

is when there’s bleeding in the brain on one side (it doesn’t pass the suture lines) that leads to a collection of blood shaping the head, but the breakdown of blood vessels can lead to jaundice.

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16
Q

Caput Succadaneum

A

general fluid buildup, usually more dispersed

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17
Q

When do babies have control of their head?

A

at 3 - 4 months

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18
Q

Is head or chest larger for newborn at birth

A

Head is bigger

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19
Q

Pregnant woman consideration with thyroid

A

Thyroid gland is slightly enlarged during pregnancy as a result of hyperplasia of the tissue

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20
Q

Aging adult consideration with skin and face

A

Facial bones and orbits appear more prominent

Facial skin sags as a result of decreased elasticity, decreased subcutaneous fat and decreased moisture in the skin

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21
Q

Palpebral Fissures

A

opening between top and bottom eyelids

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22
Q

Nasolabial folds

A

Smile lines

23
Q

How to palpate temporomandibular joint

A

As the person opens the mouth, and note normally smooth movement with no limitation or tenderness

24
Q

Cranial nerve XI

A

spinal accessory

25
Q

How to test muscle strength in the neck

A

Push on shoulders and they push against resustance

Have them turn their head towards you to press against your hand and do to the other side

26
Q

What to notice in jugular veins?

A

Distension because distension can mean heart failure

27
Q

Way to inspect and palpate the Thyroid gland

A

Posterior approach
Anterior approach
Auscultate (with bell of stethoscope) thyroid for bruit (Abnormal blood flow to the area usually caused by a an obstruction), if enlarged

28
Q

How to examine Lymph Nodes

A

Using a gentle circular motion of finger pads, palpate lymph nodes
Beginning with preauricular lymph nodes in front of ear, palpate the 10 groups of lymph nodes in routine order

29
Q

Are lymph nodes normally palpable in children

A

Yes they are, usually do to ear infections

30
Q

During what semester does chloasma usually show in a pregnant mom

A

Second semester

31
Q

Thyroid gland during pregnancy

A

May be palpable which is normal

32
Q

Senile tremors

A

Various shaking

33
Q

Temporal arteries in Aging Adult

A

May look twister and prominent

34
Q

Purpose of cranial nerve VII when looking at the head, face and neck

A

Symmetry of movements

35
Q

Microcephaly vs Macrocephaly

A

Micro: small head
Macro: big head

36
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

fluid buildup and pressure, notice increase head circumference and mental delays, bulging eyes, bulging fontanelles

37
Q

Positional Plagiocephaly

A

babies that don’t have tummy time and are constantly on their back and head flattens

38
Q

Pediatric Facial Abnormalities

A

Fetal Alcohol syndrome and Down Syndrome

39
Q

Acromegaly

A

enlarges bones caused by too much growth hormone

40
Q

Parkinsons syndrome

A

no changes in facial expressions, mask like face

41
Q

Cushings syndrome main sign

A

Moon shape face

42
Q

Bell’s palsy

A

sudden weakness to one side of the face, features asymmetric, problem
with cranial nerve 7

43
Q

Stroke

A

asymmetric facial

features that is hard to move, deficit to entire side of body usually not just face

44
Q

Facial movements asymmetric

A

abnormal because it can be due to bell’s palsy or stroke

45
Q

Nasolabial folds equal, normal or not?

A

Normal finding

46
Q

TJM Crepitation

A

abnormal because bones are rubbing together, clicking can be normal but crepitation means synovial joint loss

47
Q

Tenderness to temporal artery abnormal or normal?

A

abnormal, shouldn’t be pain

48
Q

JVD

A

Abnormal because it can be due to fluid overload or heart failure

49
Q

Scaly scalp

A

abnormal because can be due to psoriasis, in an infant may be due to cradle cap

50
Q

Unilateral facial paralysis

A

abnormal because it can be due to facial nerve VII

51
Q

Slight lip tremor

A

abnormal can be due to parkinson’s

52
Q

Scalp tenderness

A

abnormal can be due to swelling

53
Q

Thyroid bruit

A

abnormal because you shouldn’t have blood build up

54
Q

Nuchal Rigidity

A

Abnormal because stiffness in the neck that can be a sign of meningitis

Health Assessment Exam 1 (6 decks)

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