Chapters 12 & 13: The Phenomenological Approach Flashcards
Humanistic Psychology
the approach to personality that emphasizes aspects of psychology that are distinctly human
closely related to the phenomenological approach and existentialism
Phenomenology
the study of conscious experience
often, conscious experience itself is referred to as an individual’s phenomenology
Introspection
the task of observing one’s own mental processes
Existentialism
the approach of philosophy that focuses on conscious experience (phenomenology), free will, the meaning of life, and other basic questions of existence
Umwelt
in Binswanger’s phenomenological analysis, biological experience such as the sensations a person feels of being a live animal
Mitwelt
in Binswanger’s phenomenological analysis, social experience such as feelings and thoughts about others and oneself in relation to them
Eigenwelt
in Binswanger’s phenomenological analysis, the experience itself
the result of introspection
Thrown-ness
in Heidegger’s existential analysis, the era, the location, and situation into which a person happens to be born
Angst
in existential philosophy, the anxiety that stems from doubts about the meaning and purpose of life
also called existential anxiety
Anatta
in Zen Buddhism, the fundamental idea of “nonself” - that the single, isolated self is an illusion
Anicca
in Zen Buddhism, the recognition that all things are temporary and, therefore, it is best to avoid attachments to them
Nirvana
in Zen Buddhism, the serene state of selfless being that is the result of having achieved enlightenment
Sociality Corollary
in Kelly’s personal conduct theory, the principle that understanding another person requires understanding that person’s unique view of reality
Mindful(ness)
in positive psychology, the idea that one should be consciously aware of an in control of every moment of your subjective experience
Flow
the totally absorbing experience of engaging in an activity that is valuable for its own sake
in flow, mood is slightly elevated and time seems to pass quickly
Hedonia
seeking happiness through the pursuit of pleasure and comfort
Eudaimonia
seeking happiness through developing one’s full potential, helping others, and building community
Cross-Cultural Psychology
psychological research and theorizing that attempts to account for the psychological differences between and within different cultural groups
Enculturation
the process of socialization through which an individual acquires his or her native culture, mainly early in life
Acculturation
the process of social influence by which a person partially or fully acquires a new cultural outlook, either by having contact with or living in a culture different from his or her culture of origin
Etics
the universal components of an idea
in cross-cultural psychology, aspects of a phenomenon that all cultures have in common
Emics
the locally relevant components of an idea
in cross-cultural psychology, aspects of a phenomenon that are specific to a particular culture
Decontructionism
a philosophy that argues reality does not exist apart from human perceptions, or constructions, of it
Outgroup Homogeneity Bias
the sociopsychological phenomenon by which members of a group to which one does not belong seem more alike than do members of a group to which one does belong
What is humanistic psychology?
the psychological study of awareness, free will, happiness, and the many related aspects of the mind that are uniquely human and give life meaning
What does humanistic psychology focus on?
phenomenology: your conscious, unique experience
self-awareness
construal: a person’s particular experience of the world
What is terror management theory?
culture gives human beings a sense of significance in a reality that is meaningful
self-esteem is conferred when we meet (or exceed) the culture’s standards
other culture’s values and standards undermine our own culture’s values and standards; makes usus susceptible to feel anxiety associated with our own death
According to terror management theory, how can one deal with things that violate their worldview?
discredit it
assimilate them
accommodation (reconcile different beliefs)
kill them (get rid of them)
What does the term anatta mean?
nonself; the independent, singular self is an illusion
we are all connected, and all achieve immortality
What does the term anicca mean?
all things must pass
enlightenment: caring for others the same as for yourself
What is the fully functioning person?
be clearly aware of reality and yourself
face the world without fear, self-doubt, or neurotic defenses
importance of unconditional positive regard
conditions of worth
What is positive psychology?
health means more than just the absence of disease
traditional psychology overemphasizes psychopathology and malfunction
What does positive psychology focus on?
focuses on positive phenomenon
flow: tasks that you are intrinsically attached to
core virtues: courage, justice, humanity (compassion), temperance, wisdom, transcendence
happiness
How does culture intersect with personality psychology?
individuals may differ from each other to some extent because they belong to different cultures
members of groups may differ from each other in distinctive ways
differences that are important may vary across cultures
What are some differences between collectivism and individualism?
importance of needs and rights of the group versus the individual
relations of the self and others
attribution for behavior, and holistic thinking
personality/behavioral consistency
need for self-regard
