Chapters 10 & 11: The Psychoanalytic Approach

Question 1

Psychic Determinism

Answer 1

the assumption that everything is psychological has a cause that is, in principle, identifiable

Question 2

Id

Answer 2

in psychoanalytic theory, the repository of the drives, the emotions, and the primitive, unconscious part of the mind that wants everything now

Question 3

Ego

Answer 3

in psychoanalytic theory, the relatively rational part of the mind that balances the competing claims of the id, the superego, and reality

Question 4

Superego

Answer 4

in psychoanalytic theory, the part of the mind that consists of the conscience and the individual’s system of internalized rules of conduct or morality

Question 5

Compromise Formation

Answer 5

in modern psychoanalytic thought, the main job of the ego, which is to find a compromise among the different structures of the mind and the many different things the individual wants all at the same time

what the individual actually thinks and does is the result of this compromise

Question 6

Libido

Answer 6

in psychoanalytic theory, the drive toward the creation, nurturing, and enhancement of life (including but not limited to sex), or the energy stemming from this drive

also called psychic energy

Question 7

Thanatos

Answer 7

in psychoanalytic theory, another term for the drive toward death, destruction, and decay

Question 8

Doctrine of Opposites

Answer 8

in psychoanalytic theory, the idea that everything implies or contains its opposite

Question 9

Oral Stage

Answer 9

in psychoanalytic theory, the stage of psychosexual development, from birth to about 18 months of age, during which the physical forces of the libido is located in the mouth, lips, and tongue

Question 10

Anal Stage

Answer 10

in psychoanalytic theory, the stage of psychosexual development, from about 18 months to 3 or 4 years of age, in which the physical focus of the libido is located in the anus and associated eliminative organs

Question 11

Phallic Stage

Answer 11

in psychoanalytic theory, the stage of psychosexual development from about 4 to 7 years of age in which the physical focus on the libido is the penis (for boys) and its absence (for girls)

Question 12

Identification

Answer 12

in psychoanalytic theory, taking on the values and worldview of another person (e.g. the parent)

Question 13

Genital Stage

Answer 13

in psychoanalytic theory, the final stage of psychosexual development, in which the physical focus of the libido is on the genitals, with an emphasis on heterosexual relationships

the stage begins at about puberty, but is only fully attained when and of the individual achieves psychological maturity

Question 14

Mental Health

Answer 14

according to Freud’s definition, the ability to both love and work

Question 15

Fixation

Answer 15

in psychoanalytic theory, leaving a disproportionate share of one’s libido behind at an earlier stage of development

Question 16

Regression

Answer 16

in psychoanalytic theory, retreating to an earlier, more immature stage of psychosexual development, usually because of stress but sometimes in the service of play and creativity

Question 17

Secondary Process Thinking

Answer 17

in psychoanalytic theory, the term for rational and conscious process of ordinary thought

Question 18

Primary Process Thinking

Answer 18

in psychoanalytic theory, the term for the strange and primitive style of unconscious thinking manifested by the id

Question 19

Condensation

Answer 19

in psychoanalytic theory, the method of primary process thinking in which several ideas are compressed into one

Question 20

Symbolization

Answer 20

in psychoanalytic theory, the process of primary process thinking in which one thing stands for another

Question 21

Conscious Mind

Answer 21

the part of the mind’s activities of which one is aware

Question 22

Preconscious

Answer 22

thoughts and ideas that temporarily reside just out of consciousness but which can be brought to mind quickly and easily

Question 23

Unconscious (Mind)

Answer 23

those areas and processes of the mind of which a person is not aware

Question 24

Parapraxis

Answer 24

an unintentional utterance or action caused by a leakage from the unconscious parts of the mind

also called Freudian slip

Question 25

Defense Mechanisms

Answer 25

in psychoanalytic theory, the mechanisms of the ego that serve to protect an individual from experiencing anxiety produced by conflicts with the id, superego, or reality

Question 26

Denial

Answer 26

in psychoanalytic theory, the defense mechanism that allows the mind to deny that a current source of anxiety exists

Question 27

Repression

Answer 27

in psychoanalytic theory, the defense mechanism that banishes the past from current awareness

Question 28

Reaction Formation

Answer 28

in psychoanalytic theory, the defense mechanism that keeps an anxiety-producing impulse or thought in check by producing its opposute

Question 29

Projection

Answer 29

in psychoanalytic theory, the defense mechanism that produces a seemingly logical rationale for an impulse or thought that otherwise would cause anxiety

Question 30

Rationalization

Answer 30

in psychoanalytic theory, the defense mechanism that produces a seemingly logical rationale for an impulse or thought that otherwise would cause anxiety

Question 31

Intellectualization

Answer 31

in psychoanalytic theory, the defense mechanism by which thoughts that otherwise would cause anxiety are translated into cool, analytic, non-arousing terms

Question 32

Displacement

Answer 32

in psychoanalytic theory, the defense mechanism that redirects an impulse from a dangerous target to a safe one

Question 33

Sublimation

Answer 33

in psychoanalytic theory, the defense mechanism that turns otherwise dangerous or anxiety-inducing toward constructive ends

Question 34

Transference

Answer 34

in psychoanalytic theory, the tendency to bring ways of thinking, feeling, and behavior that developed toward one important person into later relationships with different persons

Question 35

Neo-Freudian Psychology

Answer 35

a general term for the psychoanalytically orientated work of many theorists and researchers who are influenced by Freud’s theory

Question 36

Ego Psychology

Answer 36

the modern school of psychoanalytic thought that believes the most important aspect of mental functioning is the way the ego mediates between, and formulates compromises among the impulses of the id and the superego

Question 37

Organ Inferiority

Answer 37

in Alder’s version of psychoanalysis, the idea that people are motivated to succeed in adulthood in order to compensate for whatever they felt, in childhood, was their weakest aspect

Question 38

Masculine Protest

Answer 38

in Alder’s version of psychoanalysis, the idea that a particular urge in adulthood is an attempt to compensate for one’s powerlessness felt in childhood

Question 39

Collective Unsconscious

Answer 39

in Jung’s version of psychoanalysis, the proposition that all people share uncertain unconscious ideas because of the history of the human species

Question 40

Archetypes

Answer 40

in Jung’s version of psychoanalysis, the fundamental images of people that are contained in the collective unconscious, including (among others) “the earth mother”, “the hero”, “the devil”, and “the supreme being”

Question 41

Persona

Answer 41

in Jung’s version of psychoanalysis, the social mask one wears in public dealings

Question 42

Anima

Answer 42

in Jung’s version of psychoanalysis, the idea of the typical female as held in the mind of a male

Question 43

Animus

Answer 43

in Jung’s version of psychoanalysis, the idea of the typical male as held in the mind of a female

Question 44

Object Relations Theory

Answer 44

the psychoanalytic study of interpersonal relations, including the unconscious images and feelings associated with the important people (“objects”) in a person’s life

Question 45

What is the internal structure of the mind in psychoanalysis?

Answer 45

3 parts of the mind can function independently

id: pleasure, irrational

ego: practical, rational

superego: perfection, moral

Question 46

What is the psychic conflict in psychoanalysis?

Answer 46

the mind’s independent parts can conflict

results in anxiety

compromise formation

Question 47

What is the defense mechanism of denial?

Answer 47

prevents perception of source of anxiety

Question 48

What is the defense mechanism of repression?

Answer 48

prevents recall of anything that might remind one of the source of anxiety

Question 49

What is the defense mechanism of reaction formation?

Answer 49

protect against a forbidden thought or impulse by instigating the opposite

Question 50

What is the defense mechanism of projection?

Answer 50

attribute an unwanted impulse or attribute in oneself to other people

Question 51

What is the defense mechanism of rationalization?

Answer 51

create a seemingly logical reason for doing something shameful

Question 52

What is the defense mechanism of intellectualization?

Answer 52

translate a threatening situation into cold, intellectual terms

Question 53

What is the defense mechanism of displacement?

Answer 53

redirect forbidden impulse onto a safer target

Question 54

What is the defense mechanism of sublimation?

Answer 54

convert base impulse into a noble cause

Question 55

What are parapraxes?

Answer 55

Freudian slips: from belief in psychic determinism

forgetting: usually the result of repression

slips: often in speech, but also in action

Question 56

What is humor?

Answer 56

a forbidden impulse is expressed in a controlled manner

form of sublimation

good jokes allow otherwise problematic thoughts and id impulses to be enjoyed by using the tactic of surprise

bad jokes: too direct, or forbidden impulse or attitude isn’t shared by the listener

Question 57

What ideas are associated with Carl Jung?

Answer 57

collective unconscious and archetypes

earth mother, hero, devil, supreme being

appear in dreams, fantasies, mythology, and modern literature and movies

Question 58

What are objects in object relations theory?

Answer 58

we relate to others via the images of them in our minds

the images do not always match reality

Question 59

What are the four principal themes of object relations theory?

Answer 59

every relationship has elements of satisfaction and frustration, or pleasure and pain

the mix of love and hate

distinction between parts of the love object and the whole person

the psyche is aware of and disturbed by these contradictory feelings

Question 60

What is a niffle in object relations theory?

Answer 60

transitional object (often a special blanket, stuffed animal) that the child uses to bridge the gap between private fantasy and reality

help the child make the transition from dependence to independence

exist in an interesting transitional state between fantasy and reality

objects like this are important, and they are not limited to children