Chapters 10 & 11: The Psychoanalytic Approach Flashcards
Psychic Determinism
the assumption that everything is psychological has a cause that is, in principle, identifiable
Id
in psychoanalytic theory, the repository of the drives, the emotions, and the primitive, unconscious part of the mind that wants everything now
Ego
in psychoanalytic theory, the relatively rational part of the mind that balances the competing claims of the id, the superego, and reality
Superego
in psychoanalytic theory, the part of the mind that consists of the conscience and the individual’s system of internalized rules of conduct or morality
Compromise Formation
in modern psychoanalytic thought, the main job of the ego, which is to find a compromise among the different structures of the mind and the many different things the individual wants all at the same time
what the individual actually thinks and does is the result of this compromise
Libido
in psychoanalytic theory, the drive toward the creation, nurturing, and enhancement of life (including but not limited to sex), or the energy stemming from this drive
also called psychic energy
Thanatos
in psychoanalytic theory, another term for the drive toward death, destruction, and decay
Doctrine of Opposites
in psychoanalytic theory, the idea that everything implies or contains its opposite
Oral Stage
in psychoanalytic theory, the stage of psychosexual development, from birth to about 18 months of age, during which the physical forces of the libido is located in the mouth, lips, and tongue
Anal Stage
in psychoanalytic theory, the stage of psychosexual development, from about 18 months to 3 or 4 years of age, in which the physical focus of the libido is located in the anus and associated eliminative organs
Phallic Stage
in psychoanalytic theory, the stage of psychosexual development from about 4 to 7 years of age in which the physical focus on the libido is the penis (for boys) and its absence (for girls)
Identification
in psychoanalytic theory, taking on the values and worldview of another person (e.g. the parent)
Genital Stage
in psychoanalytic theory, the final stage of psychosexual development, in which the physical focus of the libido is on the genitals, with an emphasis on heterosexual relationships
the stage begins at about puberty, but is only fully attained when and of the individual achieves psychological maturity
Mental Health
according to Freud’s definition, the ability to both love and work
Fixation
in psychoanalytic theory, leaving a disproportionate share of one’s libido behind at an earlier stage of development
Regression
in psychoanalytic theory, retreating to an earlier, more immature stage of psychosexual development, usually because of stress but sometimes in the service of play and creativity
Secondary Process Thinking
in psychoanalytic theory, the term for rational and conscious process of ordinary thought
Primary Process Thinking
in psychoanalytic theory, the term for the strange and primitive style of unconscious thinking manifested by the id
Condensation
in psychoanalytic theory, the method of primary process thinking in which several ideas are compressed into one
Symbolization
in psychoanalytic theory, the process of primary process thinking in which one thing stands for another
Conscious Mind
the part of the mind’s activities of which one is aware
Preconscious
thoughts and ideas that temporarily reside just out of consciousness but which can be brought to mind quickly and easily
Unconscious (Mind)
those areas and processes of the mind of which a person is not aware
Parapraxis
an unintentional utterance or action caused by a leakage from the unconscious parts of the mind
also called Freudian slip
Defense Mechanisms
in psychoanalytic theory, the mechanisms of the ego that serve to protect an individual from experiencing anxiety produced by conflicts with the id, superego, or reality
Denial
in psychoanalytic theory, the defense mechanism that allows the mind to deny that a current source of anxiety exists
Repression
in psychoanalytic theory, the defense mechanism that banishes the past from current awareness
Reaction Formation
in psychoanalytic theory, the defense mechanism that keeps an anxiety-producing impulse or thought in check by producing its opposute
Projection
in psychoanalytic theory, the defense mechanism that produces a seemingly logical rationale for an impulse or thought that otherwise would cause anxiety
Rationalization
in psychoanalytic theory, the defense mechanism that produces a seemingly logical rationale for an impulse or thought that otherwise would cause anxiety
Intellectualization
in psychoanalytic theory, the defense mechanism by which thoughts that otherwise would cause anxiety are translated into cool, analytic, non-arousing terms
Displacement
in psychoanalytic theory, the defense mechanism that redirects an impulse from a dangerous target to a safe one
Sublimation
in psychoanalytic theory, the defense mechanism that turns otherwise dangerous or anxiety-inducing toward constructive ends
Transference
in psychoanalytic theory, the tendency to bring ways of thinking, feeling, and behavior that developed toward one important person into later relationships with different persons
Neo-Freudian Psychology
a general term for the psychoanalytically orientated work of many theorists and researchers who are influenced by Freud’s theory
Ego Psychology
the modern school of psychoanalytic thought that believes the most important aspect of mental functioning is the way the ego mediates between, and formulates compromises among the impulses of the id and the superego
Organ Inferiority
in Alder’s version of psychoanalysis, the idea that people are motivated to succeed in adulthood in order to compensate for whatever they felt, in childhood, was their weakest aspect
Masculine Protest
in Alder’s version of psychoanalysis, the idea that a particular urge in adulthood is an attempt to compensate for one’s powerlessness felt in childhood
Collective Unsconscious
in Jung’s version of psychoanalysis, the proposition that all people share uncertain unconscious ideas because of the history of the human species
Archetypes
in Jung’s version of psychoanalysis, the fundamental images of people that are contained in the collective unconscious, including (among others) “the earth mother”, “the hero”, “the devil”, and “the supreme being”
Persona
in Jung’s version of psychoanalysis, the social mask one wears in public dealings
Anima
in Jung’s version of psychoanalysis, the idea of the typical female as held in the mind of a male
Animus
in Jung’s version of psychoanalysis, the idea of the typical male as held in the mind of a female
Object Relations Theory
the psychoanalytic study of interpersonal relations, including the unconscious images and feelings associated with the important people (“objects”) in a person’s life
What is the internal structure of the mind in psychoanalysis?
3 parts of the mind can function independently
id: pleasure, irrational
ego: practical, rational
superego: perfection, moral
What is the psychic conflict in psychoanalysis?
the mind’s independent parts can conflict
results in anxiety
compromise formation
What is the defense mechanism of denial?
prevents perception of source of anxiety
What is the defense mechanism of repression?
prevents recall of anything that might remind one of the source of anxiety
What is the defense mechanism of reaction formation?
protect against a forbidden thought or impulse by instigating the opposite
What is the defense mechanism of projection?
attribute an unwanted impulse or attribute in oneself to other people
What is the defense mechanism of rationalization?
create a seemingly logical reason for doing something shameful
What is the defense mechanism of intellectualization?
translate a threatening situation into cold, intellectual terms
What is the defense mechanism of displacement?
redirect forbidden impulse onto a safer target
What is the defense mechanism of sublimation?
convert base impulse into a noble cause
What are parapraxes?
Freudian slips: from belief in psychic determinism
forgetting: usually the result of repression
slips: often in speech, but also in action
What is humor?
a forbidden impulse is expressed in a controlled manner
form of sublimation
good jokes allow otherwise problematic thoughts and id impulses to be enjoyed by using the tactic of surprise
bad jokes: too direct, or forbidden impulse or attitude isn’t shared by the listener
What ideas are associated with Carl Jung?
collective unconscious and archetypes
earth mother, hero, devil, supreme being
appear in dreams, fantasies, mythology, and modern literature and movies
What are objects in object relations theory?
we relate to others via the images of them in our minds
the images do not always match reality
What are the four principal themes of object relations theory?
every relationship has elements of satisfaction and frustration, or pleasure and pain
the mix of love and hate
distinction between parts of the love object and the whole person
the psyche is aware of and disturbed by these contradictory feelings
What is a niffle in object relations theory?
transitional object (often a special blanket, stuffed animal) that the child uses to bridge the gap between private fantasy and reality
help the child make the transition from dependence to independence
exist in an interesting transitional state between fantasy and reality
objects like this are important, and they are not limited to children
