Chapter 17: Mental & Physical Health Flashcards
Ego-Syntonic
refers to thoughts, feelings, beliefs, or behaviors that one accepts as part of oneself and does not want to be cured of, even if others find them difficult to deal with
Ego-Dystonic
refers to troubling thoughts, feelings, beliefs, or behaviors that one experiences as alien or foreign and would like to be rid of it
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
an extreme pattern of odd beliefs and behaviors, and of difficulties relating to others
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
an extreme pattern of arrogant, exploitative behavior combined with a notable lack of empathy
Antisocial Personality Disorder
an extreme pattern of deceitful, manipulative, and sometimes dangerous behavior
Borderline Personality Disorder
an extreme and sometimes dangerous pattern of emotional instability, emotional emptiness, confused identity, and tendencies toward self-harm
Avoidant Personality Disorder
an extreme pattern of feelings and inadequacy accompanied by fear of social contract
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD)
an extreme pattern of rigidly conscientious behavior, including an anxious and inflexible adherence to rules and rituals, perfectionism, and a stubborn resistance to change
Negative Affinity
one of five trait domains associated with personality disorders in the DSM-5
it is characterized by a tendency to feel negative emotions such as anxiety, depression and suspicion
Detachment
one of five trait domains associated with personality disorders in the DSM-5
it is characterized by a tendency to withdraw from and avoid emotional contacts with other people
Antagonism
one of five trait domains associated with personality disorders in the DSM-5
it is characterized by deceitfulness, grandiosity, callousness, and manipulativeness
Disinhibition
one of five trait domains associated with personality disorders in the DSM-5
it is characterized by a lack of self-control and impulsive behavior
Psychoticism
one of five trait domains associated with personality disorders in the DSM-5
it is characterized by a tendency to have bizarre thoughts or experiences, and to exhibit eccentric behavior
What are personality disorders?
unusually extreme personality attributes
problematic
affect social relationships and interactions
stable over time
What are ego-syntonic personality disorders?
symptoms are seen as normal and valued aspects of personality by the person with the disorder
What is schizotypal personality disorder?
an extreme pattern of odd beliefs and behaviors and difficulties relating to others
slightly more common in men
What is narcissistic personality disorder (NPD)?
an extreme pattern of arrogant, exploitative, entitled, and damaging behavior combined with a notable lack of empathy
belief that one is superior
expects and need recognition from others; entitlement
What is antisocial personality disorder?
an extreme pattern of deceitful, manipulative, and sometimes dangerous behavior
illegal, impulsive, and risky activities
irritable, aggressive and irresponsible
problems caused to others do not bother them
much more common in men
What is borderline personality disorder (BPD)?
an extreme and sometimes dangerous pattern of emotional instability, unstable and confused behavior, emotional emptiness, confused identity, and tendencies toward self-harm
much more common in women
What are the symptoms of borderline personality disorder?
rapid mood shifts
uncontrollable anger
self-destructive acts (physical)
self-damaging behaviors (less physical)
identity disturbance
chronic emptiness
unstable relationships
fear of abandonment
confusion and feelings of unreality
What is avoidant personality disorder?
fear of failure, criticism, or rejection leads to avoidance of normal activities
expects the absolute worst from others
needs constant reassurance
active inhibition of emotional expression
deep cravings for affection and social acceptance
similar prevalence in men and women
What is obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD)?
an extreme pattern of rigidly conscientiousness behavior, including an anxious and inflexible adherence to rules and rituals, perfectionism, and a stubborn resistance to change
can be ego-syntonic
not the same as obsessive-compulsive disorder
one of the more common disorders
What are the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder?
overconcern with rules and details
perfectionism
workaholism
inflexibility
packrat behavior
inability to delegate
miserliness
rigidity and stubbornness
What are clinical impressions?
conservations or meetings with an individual, take into account common sense and DSM-5 criteria
flexible; not all clinicians are equally skilled or accurate
What are self-report scales?
same pros and cons as other types of S data
inexpensive and easy; lack of insight and willingness to disclose
What are structured interviews?
interviewers ask the same questions the same way, greater inter-rater reliability
increased diagnostic reliability; rigid structure
What are informant reports?
close acquaintances agree on symptoms; informants may have limited info, or be biased
What are the problems with labeling personality disorders?
misleading: disorders are associated with symptoms an individual may not experience
can limit understanding
not an explanation
but can be useful and are necessary
What are the physical health conditions associated with Type A personality?
jittery, overreactive, hyper-competitive, obsessive ambition, hostility
correlated with blood and cardiovascular indications of risk or heart disease
