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Motor Control > Chapters 10 & 11 > Flashcards

Chapters 10 & 11 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the majority of falls in neurological pathologies associate with?

A

MOBILITY (during the walking), TRANSFERS, and STAIR CLIMBING

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2
Q

Example of abnormal alignment in PD?

A

stooped (flexed posture)
rigidity
decreased spinal flexibility

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3
Q

Abnormal postural sway in PD displays:

A

increase sway area

increased velocity

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4
Q

Adults with DS have:

A

higher sway velocity

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5
Q

What can increased stiffness be?

A

compensatory strategy to improve stability

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6
Q

What does a pathology in the cerebellum do?

A

increase postural sway

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7
Q

Lesion in spinocerebellar (upper vermis and intermediate) part of anterior lobe:

A

AP sway

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8
Q

Lesion in lower vestibulocerebellar vermis:

A

increased omnidirectional sway

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9
Q

Lesion in spinocerebellar afferents:

A

low frequency and large amplitude lateral sway

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10
Q

Coactivation:

A

characterized by simultaneous contraction of muscles on both anterior and posterior aspects of the body

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11
Q

Coactivation in PD:

A

activates muscles on both aspects of the body= increasing stiffness of body= ineffective strategy for balance recovery

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12
Q

What are onset latencies in paretic muscles versus nonparetic side?

A

longer and smaller

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13
Q

Postural adaptation:

A

ability to modify postural activity with practice

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14
Q

Shifting central set:

A

ability to change pattern of postural muscle activity quickly in response to changing task conditions

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15
Q

Hypermetric postural responses are associated with which of the following pathologic disorders?

A

cerebellar conditions

unilateral cerebellar pathology affecting anterior lobe

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16
Q

What does normal postural control require?

A

organization of sensory information from visual, somatosensory, and vestibular systems
sensorimotor integration

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17
Q

CTSIB condition 1

A

normal
flat floor
eyes open

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18
Q

CTSIB condition 2

A

flat floor

blindfolf

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19
Q

CTSIB condition 3

A

flat floor

dome

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20
Q

CTSIB condition 4

A

foam

eyes open

21
Q

CTSIB condition 5

A

foam

blindfolded

22
Q

CTSIB condition 6

A

foam

dome

23
Q

Visually dependent

A

abnormal in conditions 2,3,5, and 6

24
Q

Surface-dependent

A

abnormal in 4,5, and 6

25
Q

Vestibular loss

A

abnormal in conditions 5 and 6

26
Q

Sensory selection problems

A

abnormal in conditions 3-6

27
Q

Sensory selection problem

A

Refers to inability to appropriately select a sense for postural control in environments in which one or more ORIENTATION cues inaccurately report body’s position in space (there is incongruence among senses).

28
Q

Anticipatory Postural Control

A

Highly dependent on PRIOR experience and learning

29
Q

Timed Up & Go (TUG)

A

Sensitive and specific indicator of fall status in community dwelling older adults (>15 s)

30
Q

Timed Up & Go (TUG) 10 s

A

freely independent

31
Q

Timed Up & Go (TUG) 20 s

A

independent in basic transfers

32
Q

Timed Up & Go (TUG) 20-29 s

A

gray zone

33
Q

Timed Up & Go (TUG) 30 s

A

usually need help with chair or toilet transfers, help in and out of tub, assistance with stairs, unable to go out alone

34
Q

Functional Reach Test (FRT)

A

a single-item test developed as a quick screen for balance problems and risk for falls in older adults.

35
Q

Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment

A

Frail elderly

balance: 16 points (9 items)
gait: 12 points (7 items)

36
Q

Maximum score Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment :

A

28 points

37
Q

Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment less than 19

A

at high risk for falls

38
Q

Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment 19-24

A

at moderate risk for falls

39
Q

Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment 24-28

A

at low risk for falls

40
Q

Berg Balance Scale

A

Community dwelling older adults
Stability (steady state)
Anticipatory
No reactive postural control

41
Q

Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB)

A

Used to measure lower extremity performance such as strength, balance and mobility in older adults.

42
Q

Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest)

A

used to examine multiple aspects of postural control

43
Q

Six systems of BESTest

A 
biomechanical constraints
stability limits
anticipatory transitions
postural responses
sensory organization
dynamic gait
44
Q

BBS stability state:

A

Standing unsupported

Sitting unsupported

45
Q

Proactive Postural Responses

A

Responses occur before prime mover and in preparation for the perturbation

46
Q

Adaptive Control

A

changing task demands resulting from changes in the BOS

47
Q

IMPAIRMENT level

A

to optimize the components of postural control (e.g., exercise to improve ROM, strength)

48
Q

STRATEGY level

A

to develop or refine task specific sensory, motor, and cognitive strategies used for postural control

49
Q

FUNCTIONAL level

A

to learn to preserve postural control during changing tasks and environmental conditions

Motor Control (8 decks)

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