Chapters 1 and 2 Flashcards
Social Psychology:
Scientific study of i__ of other people on individual’s a__, b__, and c__.
influence
affect, behavior, cognition
Affect:
-p__ (d__ someone due to __ membership)
prejudice
disliking
group
Behavior:
-d__ (b__ that a__ one group over another or that h__ someone due to group membership)
discrimination
behaviors
advantage
hurt
Cognition:
-s__ (b__ about members of a group)
stereotypes
beliefs
What is associated with each element:
affect
behavior
cognition
affect->prejudice
behavior->discrimination
cognition-> stereotypes
Privilege:
Taking for granted u__ advantages that m__ status confers.
ex: c__ and b__-a__
unearned
majority
crayons, band-aids
(pale skin color)
•Scientific process (HOMER)
- hypothesize: p__ about what will happen in specific s__.
- operationalize: figure out how to make variables of i__ t__.
- measure (and manipulate): collect d__
- evaluate: a__ data, examine v__ form c__.
- revise or replicate: conduct additional r__ to v__ results or make c__ (to methods, hypothesis) and try again.
prediction, situation
interest testable
data
analyze, validities, conclusion
research, verify, changes
Choosing the Variables:
Conceptual definition
-b__ definition of the c__.
ex: d__
broad, concept
discrimination
Choosing the Variables:
Operational definition
- s__ definition of the c__.
- can be m__
ex: money
specific concept
measured
how much money people give to women (vs. men) in a simple game.
There are many ways to operationalize the same concept:
Conceptual variable: Intelligence
operational variable possibilities:
-i_ s__, g__, h__ level of e__
IQ score, GPA, highest level of education
•Research Approaches
Direct measures: simply ask people to report their a__, o__, and b__.
ex: t__ chart for specific group.
“Are you racist?”
no 1 2 3 4 5 yes
ex 2: Feeling t__
What are your feelings about group x?
cold————————warm
attitudes, opinions, behaviors
trait
thermometer
•Research Approaches
Direct measures
-why is this problematic?
People might __ because it’s obvious: 2 problems.
1) social desirability: people won’t report something that’s socially u__.
2) awareness: people may not know their h__ beliefs and attitudes.
Many people are a__ toward minority groups.
- want to be f__
- but don’t actually feel c__ with minority
- looks u__ on direct measures
- but in reality they act p__.
lie
unacceptable
hidden
ambivalent fair comfortable unprejudiced prejudiced
Types of Direct Measures:
-racism
S__ Racism Scale:
- Uses statements like “It’s really a matter of some people not trying hard enough; if blacks would only try harder they could be just as well off as whites?
- playing off of the idea of m__ prejudice where racism is seen in people saying there are differences in hard work because it’s not socially acceptable to just say whites are better than blacks.
-more n__ then “are you racist?”
Symbolic
nuanced
modern
Types of Direct Measures:
-sexism
Testing for benevolent and hostile sexism.
Benevolent sexism:
-positivity to women who “know their p__.”
-but, women are i__ and need to be c__.
items like:
-“a good women should be set on a p__.”
-“women have a quality of p__ few men possess.”
Hostile Sexism:
-negativity to women who are “u__.”
-women seen as t__, trying to c__ men and get more than they deserve.
Items like:
-“Women are too easily o__.”
-“Once a man commits, she puts him on a tight l__.”
place
incompetent, controlled
pedestal
purity
uppity
threats, control
offended
leash
•Research Approaches
Indirect Measures: assess attitudes and beliefs without asking d__.
- p__ measures: a person’s a__ bodily responses can signal his or her a__.
- nonverbal b__ measures: a person’s b__ can reflect a__ (e.g. people sit f__ away from people they dislike.)
directly
physiological, automatic, attitude
behaviors, behavior, attitudes, further
