Chapters 1 and 2 Flashcards
Social Psychology:
Scientific study of i__ of other people on individual’s a__, b__, and c__.
influence
affect, behavior, cognition
Affect:
-p__ (d__ someone due to __ membership)
prejudice
disliking
group
Behavior:
-d__ (b__ that a__ one group over another or that h__ someone due to group membership)
discrimination
behaviors
advantage
hurt
Cognition:
-s__ (b__ about members of a group)
stereotypes
beliefs
What is associated with each element:
affect
behavior
cognition
affect->prejudice
behavior->discrimination
cognition-> stereotypes
Privilege:
Taking for granted u__ advantages that m__ status confers.
ex: c__ and b__-a__
unearned
majority
crayons, band-aids
(pale skin color)
•Scientific process (HOMER)
- hypothesize: p__ about what will happen in specific s__.
- operationalize: figure out how to make variables of i__ t__.
- measure (and manipulate): collect d__
- evaluate: a__ data, examine v__ form c__.
- revise or replicate: conduct additional r__ to v__ results or make c__ (to methods, hypothesis) and try again.
prediction, situation
interest testable
data
analyze, validities, conclusion
research, verify, changes
Choosing the Variables:
Conceptual definition
-b__ definition of the c__.
ex: d__
broad, concept
discrimination
Choosing the Variables:
Operational definition
- s__ definition of the c__.
- can be m__
ex: money
specific concept
measured
how much money people give to women (vs. men) in a simple game.
There are many ways to operationalize the same concept:
Conceptual variable: Intelligence
operational variable possibilities:
-i_ s__, g__, h__ level of e__
IQ score, GPA, highest level of education
•Research Approaches
Direct measures: simply ask people to report their a__, o__, and b__.
ex: t__ chart for specific group.
“Are you racist?”
no 1 2 3 4 5 yes
ex 2: Feeling t__
What are your feelings about group x?
cold————————warm
attitudes, opinions, behaviors
trait
thermometer
•Research Approaches
Direct measures
-why is this problematic?
People might __ because it’s obvious: 2 problems.
1) social desirability: people won’t report something that’s socially u__.
2) awareness: people may not know their h__ beliefs and attitudes.
Many people are a__ toward minority groups.
- want to be f__
- but don’t actually feel c__ with minority
- looks u__ on direct measures
- but in reality they act p__.
lie
unacceptable
hidden
ambivalent fair comfortable unprejudiced prejudiced
Types of Direct Measures:
-racism
S__ Racism Scale:
- Uses statements like “It’s really a matter of some people not trying hard enough; if blacks would only try harder they could be just as well off as whites?
- playing off of the idea of m__ prejudice where racism is seen in people saying there are differences in hard work because it’s not socially acceptable to just say whites are better than blacks.
-more n__ then “are you racist?”
Symbolic
nuanced
modern
Types of Direct Measures:
-sexism
Testing for benevolent and hostile sexism.
Benevolent sexism:
-positivity to women who “know their p__.”
-but, women are i__ and need to be c__.
items like:
-“a good women should be set on a p__.”
-“women have a quality of p__ few men possess.”
Hostile Sexism:
-negativity to women who are “u__.”
-women seen as t__, trying to c__ men and get more than they deserve.
Items like:
-“Women are too easily o__.”
-“Once a man commits, she puts him on a tight l__.”
place
incompetent, controlled
pedestal
purity
uppity
threats, control
offended
leash
•Research Approaches
Indirect Measures: assess attitudes and beliefs without asking d__.
- p__ measures: a person’s a__ bodily responses can signal his or her a__.
- nonverbal b__ measures: a person’s b__ can reflect a__ (e.g. people sit f__ away from people they dislike.)
directly
physiological, automatic, attitude
behaviors, behavior, attitudes, further
Indirect Measures of Prejudice:
Overt Behavior: evaluations of performance or character
- seating d__
- d__ of resources
- h__
- eye c__, and verbal wa__
performance, character
distance
distribution
helping
contact, warmth
Indirect Measures:
-implicit measures: a__ good/bad response to a target.
i__ a__ test:
- IAT requires that users rapidly categorize two target concepts with an attribute (e.g. the concepts “male” and “female” with the attribute “logical”), such that easier pairings (faster responses) are interpreted as more strongly associated in memory than more difficult pairings (slower responses).
Word c__ task:
-give people words that can be completed with words related to s__ or not.
automatic
implicit association test
completion
stereotpye
Study; -explicit prejudice toward black people (pretest) -priming task (implicit measure-IAT) -interracial interaction verbal behavior nonverbal behavior impressions of own behavior impression of other's friendliness coders rated friendliness too.
In this study, __ prejudice predicted n__ behavior, c__ perceptions, and o__ perceptions.
__ prejudice predicted v__ behavior and s__ perceptions.
implicit, nonverbal, confederate, observer
explicit, verbal, self
