Chapter 8

Question 1

Social Context of Prejudice:

1) Realistic conflict theory:
- prejudice comes from p___ c___ for l___ r__.

•Robbers Cave Study
-groups of 11-12 year old boys competed for prizes 
-effects of competition:
•name-calling
•trash-talking
•burning banners 
•raiding cabins 
•fights
•avoidance 

-Perceived Conflict —> p___

Answer 1

Perceived competition, limited resources

Prejudice

Question 2

Social Context of Prejudice:

2) Relative Deprivation Theory
•what is relative deprivation?
-relative: c___ to a c___.
-“personal” deprivation: feeling deprived as an i___, u___ to prejudice.
-“group” deprivation: feeling like one’s g__ is deprived, r__ to prejudice.

NOTE: it’s p___ relative deprivation.

• we compare our rewards to what we “d__.”
• another group is unfairly benefiting -> p__

Scapegoating: Blaming an innocent o___ for i___ misfortunes.
-using a d___ v___

Answer 2

Compared, criterion (another person)

Individual, unrelated

Group, related

Perceived

Deserve

Prejudice

Outgroup, ingroup’s

Designated villain

Question 3

Realistic Conflict theory vs. relative deprivation theory:

• Realistic Conflict Theory: c___
• relative deprivation theory: not getting your share of the r___

Answer 3

Competition

Resources

Question 4

Social Context of Prejudice:

3) Social Identity Theory:
•social identity: the part of a person’s s__-c__ that comes from m___ in groups important to the person.
-I.e f___, c__, n___.

•i___=sources of social identity— s___ e__ linked to ingroup standing

•Basking in Reflected Glory (Birg):
-celebrating in group’s s__ as your own.
Ex: students more likely to wear college apparel after a football win.

•Ingroup identification—> i___ b__
-threats to ingroup increase i___.
Ex:9/11–> increase importance of American identity

Answer 4

Self-concept, membership

Family, college, nation

Ingroups

Self esteem

Success

Intergroup bias

Identification

Question 5

Social Context of Prejudice:

•What factors affect which social identity is activated?
-people have m__ identities.

• Self-Concept: includes all i__, b__.
• working self-concept: s___ of self knowledge a__ at one time (I.e student-self, wife-self, teacher-self)

Answer 5

Many

Identities, beliefs

Subset, active

Question 6

Factors that influence Social Identity :

1) self-categorization:
- stronger identification if you categorize y__.

• more likely when surrounded by others who are d___ from you on a particular dimension.
• focus on g__ identity and g__.

Ex: Rachel is a white female who is a psych major.

• when in a room of men she would self-identify as a ___.
• when in a room of black women she would self-identify as ___.
• when in a room with engineering majors, she would self identify as a __ __.

Answer 6

Yourself

Different

Group, goals

Woman
White
Psych major

Question 7

Factors that influence Social Identity :

2) Optimal Distinctiveness:
- balance between need to b__ and need to be u__.

Answer 7

Belong, unique

Question 8

Factors that influence Social Identity :

3) Threat to the Group:
- s___ identification with group.

Answer 8

Stronger

Question 9

Factors that influence Social Identity :

4) chronic social identities:
- identities that are a___ with us, regardless of how much the s__ changes.

-v__ from individual to individual

Answer 9

Always, situation

Varies

Question 10

Issues in Social Identity Theory:

•identification with group can lead to both intergroup b___ or intergroup t__.

How is that possible?
-Identity Complexity: m__ people included into i__ so e__ threat is less likely.

complex identities:
-identification increases ___.

Simple identities:
-identification increases __.

Answer 10

Bias, tolerance

More, ingroup, ego

Tolerance, bias