Chapter9 Flashcards
Integrated Theory
Complex, multifactor theory that attempts to blend seemingly independent concepts into a coherent explanation of criminality
Developmental Criminology
A branch of criminology that examines changes in the criminal careers over the life course
Latent trait theory
view that criminal behavior is controlled by a “master trait” present at birth or soon after, that remains stable and unchanging throughout a person’s lifetime
Developmental Theory
Criminality is a dynamic process, influenced by social experiences as well as individual characteristics
General Theory of Crime
A developmental theory that modifies social control thoery by integrating concepts from biosocial, psychological, and rational choice theories.
Control Balance theory
A devlopmental theory that attributes deviant and criminal behaviours to imbalances tbetween the amount of control that the individual has over others and that others have over him/her.
life course theory
focuses on the changes in criminality over the life course; developmental theory
Authority conflict pathway
pathway to criminal deviance that begins at an early age with stubborn behaviour and leads to defiance and then to authority avoidance
Covert pathway
pathway to fraud and theft criminal career that starts with minor underhanded bahavior and escalates through property damage
Overt Pathways
lead to violent crime, through minor aggression and physical fighting
Pseudomaturity
characteristic of life-course persisters, who tend to engage in early sexuality and drug use
Social Development Model
developmental theory that attributes criminal behaviour patterns to childhood socialization and pro-or antisocial attachments over the life course
prosocial bonds
socialized attchments to conventional institutions, activities, and beliefs
Interactional theory
attributes criminal trajectories to mutual reinforcement between delinquents and significant others over the life course-family in early adolescence, school and friends in mid-adolecence, and social peers and one’s own nuclear family in adulthood
age graded theory
as people mature, the factors that influence their prospensity to commit crime change. In childhood, family factors are critical; in adulthood, marital and job factors are key.
