Chapter 1

Question 1

Criminology definition

Answer 1

the scientific study of the nature, extent, cause, and control of criminal behavior

Question 2

Classical criminology

Answer 2

1) people have free will to choose criminal or lawful solution to meet their needs or settle their problems
2) Criminal solutions may be more attractive than lawful ones because they usually require less work for greater payoff
3) a person’s choice of criminal solutions may be controlled by his or her fear of punishment
4) the more certain, swift, and severe the punishment, the better able it is to control criminal behaviour
“let the punishment fit the crime”

Question 3

Utilitarianism

Answer 3

people’s behaviour is motivated by the pursuit of pleasure and the avoidance of pain

Question 4

Positivism

Answer 4

1) see human behaviour as a function of external forces that are often beyond personal control, social, wealth, class, war, famine, brain structure, biological makeup are all influences.
2) rely on scientific method. intelligence exists because it can be measured by an IQ test. but a soul…not so much.
- shape and bumps on your head meant criminal…

Question 5

anomie

Answer 5

lack of norms or clear social standards

Question 6

Conflict Theory

Answer 6

view that human behavior is shaped by interpersonal conflict and that those who maintain social power will use it to further their own ends