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Pathophysiology > Chapter9 > Flashcards

Chapter9 Flashcards

1
Q

affective behaviors

A

related to feeling and emotion

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2
Q

cognitive behaviors

A

related to thinking

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3
Q

Grey matter

A
  • Unmyelinated nerve cell bodies.
  • Dendrites
  • Axon terminals
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4
Q

Cell bodies in the CNS

A

nuclei

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5
Q

White matter

A
  • myelenated axons

- contains few cell bodies

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6
Q

Axon bundles connecting CNS regions are:

A

tracts

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7
Q

Ventricles of the brain

A

1 and 2 are lateral

3 and 4 descend down the brain, eventually connecting to the center tube with the spinal cord

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8
Q

Villi

A

CSF reabsorption into the blood takes place at the arachnoid membrane

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9
Q

Choroid plexus

A

transports ions and nutrients from the blood into the CSF

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10
Q

Aqueduct of sylvius

A

the narrow passageway between the 3rd and 4th ventricles.

Beware of aqueduct stenosis

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11
Q

Astrocyte foot processes

A

hook onto the capillaries in the brain, and work to hold them there, and secrete paracrines, which promote junction formation

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12
Q

Neural tissue O2 consumption

A

oxygen can easily cross the BBB

The brain receives 15% of blood pumped from the heart

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13
Q

Neural tissue glucose consumption

A

Brain responsible for half of bodies glucose consumption–> severe hypoglycemia leads to confusion

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14
Q

Brain stem

A

Components:

  • Midbrain
  • Pons
  • Medulla Oblongata

Also, 11/12 CN originate here

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15
Q

Midbrain

A

eye movement

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16
Q

Pons

A
  • relay station between the cerebrum and cerebellum

- coordination of breathing

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17
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A

controls involuntary functions

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18
Q

reticular formation

A

another function of the brainstem.

  • arousal
  • sleep
  • muscle tone
  • pain modulation
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19
Q

CN mneumonic

A 
Only- Olfactory
Optimistic- Optic
Octopus-Oculomotor
Tentacles-Trochlear
Try- Trigeminal
And-Abducens
Feel-Facial
Very- Vestibulocochlear
Good-Glossopharyngeal
Vaginally-Vagus
Accessible-Accessory
Hymens-Hypoglosseal
(Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Bad Business Marry Money)
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20
Q

CN I

A

(OnLY)
OLfactorY nerve
Smell info from the nose
Sensory

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21
Q

CN II

A

(OPTimistIC)
Optic
Visual info from the eyes
Sensory

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22
Q

CN III

A 
(Octopus)
Oculomotor
Eye movement, lens shape, pupil constriction
Motor
(Eye open)
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23
Q

CN IV

A

(tentacles)
Trochlear
Eye movement
Motor

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24
Q

CN V

A 
(Try)
Trigeminal
Sensory info from face and mouth
Motor signals for chewing
Both
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25
CN VI
(And) Abducens Eye movement Motor
26
CN VII
``` (Feel) Facial Sensory taste info Motor for tear and salivary glands and facial expression Both (Eye closed) ```
27
CN VIII
(Very) Vestibulocochlear Hearing and Equillibrium Sensory
28
CN IX
``` (Good) Glossopharyngeal Sensory from oral cavity, baro and chemoreceptors in blood vessels Motor for swallowing and salivary glands Both ```
29
CN X
(Vaginally) Vagus Sensory and motor to lots of organs, muscles and glands Both
30
CN XI
(Accessible) Accessory Muscles of oral cavity, neck and shoulder Motor
31
CN XII
(Hymens) Hypoglossal Tongue muscles Motor
32
Diencephalon
``` lies between the brainstem and cerebrum. Consists of: -Thalmus -Hypothalmus -pineal gland -pituitary gland ```
33
Limbic System
- Amygdala - Hippocampus - Cingulate Gyrus It is part of the crey matter of the Cerebrum
34
Cingulate Gyrus
Emotions
35
Hippocampus
Learning and Memory (HelpHippo!)
36
Amygdala
Emotion and memory
37
Cerebral cortex
1. Sensory areas 2. Motor areas 3. Association areas
38
Frontal Lobe
coordinates info from other association areas controls some behaviors Is the primary motor cortex
39
Parietal Lobe
The primary sensory cortex | Sensory info from skin, muscuoloskeletal system, viscera and taste buds
40
Occipital lobe
visual cortex and visual association area
41
Temporal lobe
auditory cortex and auditory association area
42
CN III nerve palsy
person cannot close their eye
43
CN VII nerve palsy
``` Bells palsey Cannot close L eye Asymmetric smile Defect in R CN VII Hyperacussis: increased sensitivity to sound in L ear ```
44
CN XII nerve palsy
right side, tongue would deviate the the right
45
noradrenergic
NE Functions in attention, arousal, sleep-wake, learning, memory, anxiety, pain and mood Neurons originate in the pons and terminate at the cerebral cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus, olfactory bulb, cerebellum, midbrain and spioal cord.
46
serotonergic lower nuclei
Serotonin Function in pain and locomotion Neurons originate in brainstem and terminate in spinal cord
47
Serotonergic upper nuclei
Serotonin Function in sleep wake cycle, mood and other emotional behaviors Neurons originate in brainstem and terminate in other areas of brain
48
Dopaminergic
Dopamine Functions in motor control and "reward" centers (addiction) Neurons originate in brainstem and terminate in cortex and other parts of limbic system
49
Cholinergic
acetylcholine Functions in sleep wake cycles, arousal, learning, memory, sensory info. Neurons originate in cerebrum, pons and midbrain and terminate in cerebrum, hippocampus and thalamus.
50
The deepest sleep occurs...
during the first three hours
51
Sleep
has 4 stages and 2 major phases | relies on natural circadian rhythm in body
52
Slow wave sleep
Adjusts body without conscious commands
53
REM sleep
Brain activity inhibits motor neurons to skeletal muscle, paralyzing them. Dreaming takes place.
54
Motivation
- internal signals that shape voluntary behaviors - Drives - works with autonomic and endocrine responses - Motivated behaviors stop when a person has reached a certain level of satiety
55
Moods
similar to emotions, but longer lasting. There are mood disorders, such as depression, which affect over 4M people world wide.
56
Learning
Associative and Nonassociative learning (non associative is habituation and sensitization)
57
Memory
There is short term and long term (working memory and consolidation of memories), and there is also reflexive and declarative, which are both subsets of long term Memories are stored in memory traces
58
Antrograde amnesia
is inability to remember new information
59
Reflexive long term memory
Implicit memory. recall is automatic and does not require conscious though. These memories take a long time to acquire. -motor skills -rules and procedures
60
Declarative long term memory
Explicit memory. recall requires conscious attention. These memories come through with extensive thinking, problem solving and comparison. These memories can be reported verbally.
61
Language
involves Wernickes and Brocas associative areas in the brain
62
Damage to wernickes area
Receptive aphasia | unable to understand language in its written or spoken form, but can speak normally
63
Damage to brocas area
expressive aphasia | loss of the ability to produce language (spoken or written), but can understand language

Pathophysiology (8 decks)

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