Chapter3

Question 1

It provides a framework for launching and implementing project activities within a parent organization.

Answer 1

Project management system

Question 2

It is a commonly used when one functional area plays a dominant role in completing the project or has a dominant interest in the success of the project.

Answer 2

Functional organization

Question 3

Advantages of functional organization

Answer 3

• No Change
• Flexibility
• In-Depth Expertise
• Easy Post-Project Transition

Question 4

Disadvantages of functional organization

Answer 4

• Lack of focus
• Poor Integration
• Slow
• Lack of ownership

Question 5

These teams operate as separate units from the rest of the parent organization

Answer 5

dedicated project teams/Projectized Organization

Question 6

note1:

Answer 6

Dedicated project teams have full time project manager

Question 7

Advantages of Projectized Organization

Answer 7

• Simple
• Fast
• Cohesive
• Cross-Functional Integration

Question 8

• Disadvantages of Projectized Organization

Answer 8

• Expensive
• Internal Strife
• Limited technology expertise
• Difficult Post-Project Transistion

Question 9

It is a hybrid organizational form in which a horizontal project management structure is “overlaid” on the normal functional hierarchy.

Answer 9

• Matrix Management

Question 10

This form is very similar to a functional approach with the exception that there is formally designated project manager responsible for coordination project activities. Functional managers are responsible for managing their segment of the project

Answer 10

• Weak Matrix

Question 11

This is the classic matrix which the project manager is responsible for defining what needs to be accomplished while the functional managers are concerned with how it will accomplished

Answer 11

• Balanced matrix

Question 12

• This form attempts to create the “feel” of a project team within a matrix environment
• The project manager controls most aspects of the project

Answer 12

• Strong Matrix

Question 13

Advantages of Matrix Management

Answer 13

• Efficient
• Strong Project Focus
• Easier Post-Project transistion

Question 14

Disadvantages of Matrix Management

Answer 14

• Dysfunctional Conflict
• Infighting
• Stressful
• Slow

Question 15

Project consideration

Answer 15

• Size of project
• Strategic importance
• Novelty and need for innovation
• Need for integration
• Environmental Complexity
• Budget and time constraints
• Stability of resource requirements

Question 16

refers to a system of shared norms, beliefs, values, and assumptions which binds people together, thereby creating shared meaning

Answer 16

• Organizational Culture

Question 17

10 Characteristics which capture the essence of an organization’s culture

Answer 17

• Member Identity
• Team Emphasis
• Management focus
• Unit integration
• Control
• Risk Tolerance
• Reward criteria
• Conflict tolerance
• Means versus end orientation
• Open-Systems focus

Question 18

the degree to which employees identify with the organization as a whole rather than with their type of job or field of professional expertise

Answer 18

Member Identity

Question 19

the degree to which work activities are organized around groups rather than individuals

Answer 19

Team Emphasis

Question 20

the degree to which management decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on people within the organization

Answer 20

Management focus

Question 21

the degree to which units within the organization are encourage to operate in a coordinated or interdependent manner

Answer 21

Unit Integration

Question 22

the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee and control employee behaviour

Answer 22

Control

Question 23

The degree to which employees are encouraged to be aggressive, inovative and risk seeking

Answer 23

Risk Tolerance

Question 24

the degree to which reward increases are allocated according to employees performance rather seniority

Answer 24

Reward criteria

Question 25

the degree to which employees are encouraged to air conflicts and criticisms openly

Answer 25

conflict tolerance

Question 26

the degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve those results

Answer 26

means versus end orientation

Question 27

the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external envronment

Answer 27

open-systems focus

Question 28

Function of organizational culture

Answer 28

• Provides a sense of identity
• helps legitimize the management system
• clarifies and reinforces standards of behaviour
• helps create social order